Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias

Rosen, Wilma G.; Terry, Robert D.; Fuld, Paula Altman; Katzman, Robert; Peck, Arthur

doi:10.1002/ana.410070516

Cited by 1,262 publications

(643 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All subjects were screened using the Rosen modification of the Hachinski ischaemia scale [32]. The scale includes items such as history of hypertension, history of stroke, focal neurological symptoms and focal neurological signs.…”

Section: Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis There is evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive impairment. Most studies investigating this association have evaluated elderly individuals, after many years of diabetes, who generally have poor glycaemic control and significant vascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the early cognitive consequences and associated brain correlates of type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods With regard to cognition and brain measures, we compared 23 age-, sex-and educationmatched control subjects with 23 mostly middle-aged individuals with relatively well-controlled diabetes of less than 10 years from the time of diagnosis. Results We found deficits in hippocampal-based memory performance and preservation of other cognitive domains. Relative to control subjects, individuals with diabetes had reductions in brain volumes that were restricted to the hippocampus. There was an inverse relationship between glycaemic control and hippocampal volume; in multivariate regression analysis, HbA 1c was the only significant predictor of hippocampal volume, accounting for 33% of the observed variance. Other variables commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, such as elevated BMI, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, did not independently contribute to the variance in hippocampal volume. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that the medial temporal lobe may be the first brain site affected by type 2 diabetes and that individuals in poorer metabolic control may be affected to a greater extent.

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Section: Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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“…These exclusion criteria were: (a) past history of significant head trauma, seizures, mental retardation, or neurologic or psychiatric disorder other than AD; (b) any focal signs of significant neuropathology; (c) a diagnosis of multi-infarct dementia based on a history of cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attacks including any patients with a modified Hachinski score greater than or equal to 4 [34] ; (d) significant history of alcohol or drug abuse; (e) previous history of schizophrenia, major affective disorder, including any subjects with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) scores of 16 or greater; (g) cardiac, pulmonary, vascular, metabolic, or hematologic conditions of sufficient severity to adversely affect cognition or functioning and (h) other physical impairment of sufficient severity to adversely affect cognition or functioning.…”

Section: Data Collection In New Yorkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased EEG synchronization in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Koenig

Prichep²,

Dierks

et al. 2005

Neurobiology of Aging

475

355

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The hypothesis of a functional disconnection of neuro-cognitive networks in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer Dementia was investigated using baseline resting EEG data. EEG databases from New York (264 subjects) and Stockholm (155 subjects), including healthy controls and patients with varying degrees of cognitive decline or Alzheimer Dementia were analyzed using Global Field Synchronization (GFS), a novel measure of global EEG synchronization. GFS reflects the global amount of phase-locked activity at a given frequency by a single number; it is independent of the recording reference and of implicit source models. Patients showed decreased GFS values in Alpha, Beta and Gamma frequency bands, and increased GFS values in the Delta band, confirming the hypothesized disconnection syndrome. The results are discussed within the framework of current knowledge about the functional significance of the affected frequency bands.

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“…Patients were rated with a series of standardized diagnostic and severity instruments, including the MMSE (Folstein et al, 1975), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS; Hughes et al, 1982), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, Yesavage et al, 1982), the Hachinski Ischemic Scale (Rosen et al, 1980), and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL, Lawton and Brodie, 1969). In addition, patients underwent diagnostic neuroimaging procedures (head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and laboratory testing to rule out other causes of dementia.…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VaD patients had Hachinski Ischemic scores $ 4 (Rosen et al, 1980). All VaD patients underwent brain MRI scanning, in order to select only cases with widespread subcortical vascular involvement.…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual analysis of EEG frequency and band power in mild Alzheimer's disease

Moretti

Babiloni

Binetti

et al. 2004

Clinical Neurophysiology

336

251

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Objective: This EEG study investigates the role of the cholinergic system, cortico-cortical connections, and sub-cortical white matter on the relationship between individual EEG frequencies and their relative power bands.Methods: EEGs were recorded at rest in 30 normal elderly subjects (Nold), 60 mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and 20 vascular dementia (VaD) patients, comparable for Mini Mental State Evaluation scores . Individual EEG frequencies were indexed by the theta/alpha transition frequency (TF) and by the individual alpha frequency (IAF) with power peak in the extended alpha range (5 -14 Hz). Relative power was separately computed for delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 bands, on the basis of the TF and IAF.Results: Using normal subjects as a reference, VaD patients showed 'slowing' of alpha frequency (TF-IAF) and lower alpha2 power; Mild AD patients showed lower alpha2 and alpha3 power; delta power was higher in both AD and VaD patients; Theta power was higher only in VaD patients.Conclusions: Individual analysis of the alpha frequency and power can discriminate mild AD from VaD and normal elderly subjects.Significance: This analysis may probe pathophysiological mechanisms causing AD and VaD.

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Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias

Cited by 1,262 publications

References 6 publications

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes

Decreased EEG synchronization in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Individual analysis of EEG frequency and band power in mild Alzheimer's disease

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