Pathology

Woodley, Cheryl M.; Harley, Russell A.; Nicholson, J.H.; Reynolds, Taylor L.

doi:10.1002/9781118828502.ch2

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the stony coral Stylophora they have been shown to contain enzymes (eg, chymotrypsin, lysosomes) speculated to be involved in assimilation of food. 123,167,178 Granules are variably sized and stain bright red to pink with HE. 123 Gastrodermal epithelial cells (sometimes termed gastrodermal supporting cells or symbiotic endoderm cells) often have a cytoplasmic vacuole, the symbiosome, that contains symbiotic, single-celled dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, known as endosymbionts (formerly zooxanthellae).…”

Section: Basal Body Wall Hyperplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell swelling. Generalized swelling of the cells is an early alteration in reversible injury that has been widely described in corals 5,39,61,72,167,175 and seems to be a primary response to stress. 1,4 In particular, vacuolation and swelling are commonly observed in degenerating Symbiodiniaceae.…”

Section: Coral Cell Injury and Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coral Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals

et al. 2023

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Stony corals (Scleractinia) are in the Phylum Cnidaria (cnidae referring to various types of stinging cells). They may be solitary or colonial, but all secrete an external, supporting aragonite skeleton. Large, colonial members of this phylum are responsible for the accretion of coral reefs in tropical and subtropical waters that form the foundations of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems. Coral reefs worldwide, but particularly in the Caribbean, are experiencing unprecedented levels of disease, resulting in reef degradation. Most coral diseases remain poorly described and lack clear case definitions, while the etiologies and pathogenesis are even more elusive. This introductory guide is focused on reef-building corals and describes basic gross and microscopic lesions in these corals in order to serve as an invitation to other veterinary pathologists to play a critical role in defining and advancing the field of coral pathology.

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Section: Basal Body Wall Hyperplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coral Cell Injury and Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals

et al. 2023

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“…Coral pathology is the systematic description of tissue changes associated with the disease at the gross and microscopic levels in attempts to detect causes of lesions, characterize host response as well as mechanism leading to disease (Porter et al, 2001;Bythell et al, 2002;Work and Aeby, 2006;Work et al, 2008;Woodley et al, 2016b). Stony coral tissue loss results in variable degrees of acute to subacute tissue loss in a wide number of coral species in a broad expanse of Florida and the Caribbean (Aeby et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pathology To Decipher Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, most marine bacteria, including pathogens, are difficult to culture or have never been cultured, making their identification, laboratory manipulation, and testing of Koch's postulates difficult. Even if a putative pathogen is identified, testing which environmental variable or driver is responsible for its emergence is extremely difficult (Weil and Rogers, 2011;Woodley et al, 2016b). In fact, because of the limited number of cases where these postulates had been fulfilled for coral diseases in the past, recent approaches suggest complementing Koch's postulates with histopathology (Work and Meteyer, 2014), molecular genomics (Pollock et al, 2010(Pollock et al, , 2011Bourne et al, 2015), and immunological tools (Palmer et al, 2008) for a better inference of coral disease causality.…”

Section: Etiology As Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and Differences Between Two Deadly Caribbean Coral Diseases: White Plague and Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

2021

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For several decades, white plagues (WPDs: WPD-I, II and III) and more recently, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) have significantly impacted Caribbean corals. These diseases are often difficult to separate in the field as they produce similar gross signs. Here we aimed to compare what we know about WPD and SCTLD in terms of: (1) pathology, (2) etiology, and (3) epizootiology. We reviewed over 114 peer-reviewed publications from 1973 to 2021. Overall, WPD and SCTLD resemble each other macroscopically, mainly due to the rapid tissue loss they produce in their hosts, however, SCTLD has a more concise case definition. Multiple-coalescent lesions are often observed in colonies with SCTLD and rarely in WPD. A unique diagnostic sign of SCTLD is the presence of bleached circular areas when SCTLD lesions are first appearing in the colony. The paucity of histopathologic archives for WPDs for multiple species across geographies makes it impossible to tell if WPD is the same as SCTLD. Both diseases alter the coral microbiome. WPD is controversially regarded as a bacterial infection and more recently a viral infection, whereas for SCTLD the etiology has not been identified, but the putative pathogen, likely to be a virus, has not been confirmed yet. Most striking differences between WPD and SCTLD have been related to duration and phases of epizootic events and mortality rates. While both diseases may become highly prevalent on reefs, SCTLD seems to be more persistent even throughout years. Both transmit directly (contact) and horizontally (waterborne), but organism-mediated transmission is only proven for WPD-II. Given the differences and similarities between these diseases, more detailed information is needed for a better comparison. Specifically, it is important to focus on: (1) tagging colonies to look at disease progression and tissue mortality rates, (2) tracking the fate of the epizootic event by looking at initial coral species affected, the features of lesions and how they spread over colonies and to a wider range of hosts, (3) persistence across years, and (4) repetitive sampling to look at changes in the microbiome as the disease progresses. Our review shows that WPDs and SCTLD are the major causes of coral tissue loss recorded in the Caribbean.

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Pathology

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals

An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals

Similarities and Differences Between Two Deadly Caribbean Coral Diseases: White Plague and Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

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