Pathology Isolation and Identification of Canine Herpesvirus (CHV-1) in Mexico

Abstract

This work presents the pathology description, isolation and identification of canine herpesvirus (CHV-1) in Mexico, a virus that causes a generalized hemorrhagic infection in puppies from the canidae family. Methods: Isolates were obtained from puppies that died within the first four weeks of life and had lesions consistent with canine herpesvirus. Results: The main gross lesions were petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in kidneys, liver and lungs; proliferative interstitial nephritis; multifocal necrosis in liver and kidneys; and encephalitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Herpesvirus was confirmed through direct immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction for DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B genes. Discussion: Eight strains were isolated and identified as canine herpesvirus corresponding to three of the working cases with gross and microscopic lesions very similar to those described in the literature; then, isolates were confirmed by PCR gene amplification, positive reactions on immunofluorescence and observations from electron microscopy. This work represents the first report of this disease, including gross and histological lesions, and confirmation by isolation and identification of the canine herpesvirus in Mexico.

Canine Herpesvirus Seroprevalence and Associated Factors in Dogs of Mexico

“…The high prevalence of CHV-1 disease in adult dogs in the central area of Mexico is highly significant when considering that in some areas, our previous research [14] showed that puppies from 1 to 3 months of age were killed by infection, and we were able to isolate strains of the virus. Although the litters belonged to different bitches from those sampled in the present study, our results confirm that canine herpesvirus is present in Mexico, causing clinical infection in newborn puppies and is present in latent form in adults, as has been found in other countries.…”

“…Because the virus used by us at work has a very low cytolytic effect [14], we employ a combination of routine test SN and observe cytopathic effect of the virus by the detection of cell infection by an immunoperoxidase technique, using antibodies against ca- nine herpes virus of dog and anti canine IgG subsequently antibodies conjugated to peroxidase (Sigma™) developed by diaminobenzidine (Sigma™) on wells with cells [7]. Neutralizing antibodies were tested in 20 randomly selected samples A plaque formation test was used for viral titration.…”

Prevalence of canine herpesvirus 1 and associated risk factors among bitches in Iranian breeding kennels and farms

“…PCR testing is therefore advocated as a complementary test to confirm active infections (Decaro et al., 2010; Greene et al., 2012; Ledbetter et al., 2009). Conversely, some studies have failed to detect CHV‐1 DNA in dogs despite seroconversion which may be explained by latent infections, sampling methods and assay sensitivity (Bottinelli et al., 2016; Pratelli et al., 2014; Ronsse et al., 2005; Valdivia Lara et al., 2016).…”

Stimulation of Phagocytosis and Production of Antibodies against Canine Herpesvirus Type 1 by Pidotimod (Adimod<sup>TM</sup>)

“…The virus was previously isolated from a 3-day-old dead puppy [6]; Canine Herpesvirus (CHV) was replicated in MDCK cells at a concentration of 10 5 viral particles per ml and was inactivated by UV light exposure, as briefly described; the virus culture was placed in a 54 mm diameter glass Petri dish, capless at a distance of 20 cm from a mercury germicidal lamp (Osram HNS 10W), emitting mainly at 254 nm wavelength light. After 30 min an absorbed dose of approximately of 104 J/m 2 (3.6 quantum/nucleotide) occurred, this UV dose has been described to cause inactivation of alphaviruses and herpesvirus.…”