Pathology (?) of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus in the Starling, Sturnus vulgaris

Moore, Janice; Bell, Danny H.

doi:10.2307/3281241

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by the parasites may interfere with absorption of dietary nutrients. Histopathological lesions associated with acanthocephalans have been reported in the intestines of wild birds (Thompson-Cowley et al, 1979;Moore and Bell, 1983;McOrist and Scott, 1989), and the inflammatory response found in eider ducklings was similar to that earlier described in other birds. The reaction consisted of local infiltrations of mixed inflammatory cells and was restricted to the mucosal layer of the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Polymorphiasis in Common Eider Ducklings

Hollmén

Lehtonen

Sankari

et al. 1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Eight common eider (Somateria mollissima) ducklings were experimentally infected from 1 June through 13 June, 1995 with acanthocephalans (Polymorphus minutus) by allowing the birds to feed on Gammarus spp. (Gammarus oceanicus, G. salinus, G. zaddachi, and G. lacustris) containing acanthocephalan cystacanths. Uninfected Gammarus spp. were fed to a control group of seven ducklings. No mortality of ducklings occurred during the experiment. However, the infected ducklings gained weight more slowly than the control birds. After the 2 wk study period, the mean serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, ␤-globulin, ␥-globulin, fructosamine and creatine kinase were lower in the infected group than in the controls. The mean (ϮSE) number of acanthocephalans in the intestine of the infected ducklings was 21 (Ϯ4). The parasites were attached to the mucosa of the posterior small intestine of the infected ducklings with a mixed inflammatory reaction consisting of heterophils and mononuclear lymphocytes surrounding the attachment sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Polymorphiasis in Common Eider Ducklings

Hollmén

Lehtonen

Sankari

et al. 1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…basal metabolism, activity, thermoregulation, growth, reproduction etc.) in a form directly transferable from the level of the individual to that of the host's population (Robbins, 1983 (Schmidt, 1963;Holloway, 1966;ThompsonCowley et al 1979;Moore & Bell, 1983). The purpose of this study was to determine if, under either stressed or unstressed thermal conditions, initial infection with P. cylindraceus measurably affects energy consumption and use in a definitive host, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects ofPlagiorhynchus cylindraceus(Acanthocephala) on the energy metabolism of adult starlings,sturnus vulgaris

Connors

Nickol

1991

Parasitology

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Although the relationship between intestinal parasitism, the ingestion and use of energy, and host survival is expected, little work has been done to outline the effect of such organisms upon their host's nutritional requirements in an ecological context. This study is the first to demonstrate that an intestinal helminth previously reported to be of little or no histopathological consequence, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus, has a significant detrimental impact upon the flow of food energy through a definitive host, the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. Within both male and female adult European starlings reductions in standard metabolic rates occurred as the result of initial infection, indicating that the host's basal metabolism/thermal regulatory abilities were altered. Moreover, initially infected male starlings, but not females, had an increased consumption and excretion of energy and maintained lower average daily body weights versus controls when temperature stressed. These results appear to be due to either a parasite-mediated alteration in host activity and/or to the disruption of host-digestive abilities. Additionally, these data indicate that, overall, male and female S. vulgaris respond differently to infection and that intestinal helminths normally thought to be of little or no pathological consequence to the host are factors that should be addressed in future studies regarding animal energetics, ecology, and behaviour.

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“…Recently Wanstall et al (1986) reported electron microscopical results on Pomphorhynchus laevisin experimentally infected rainbow trout. Investigations on acanthocephalan histopathology in birds (Pflugfelder 1956, Moore & Bell 1983 and mammals (Chandler 1953, Takos & Thomas 1958, Richart & Benirschke 1963, Moore 1979, Tesana et al 1982, Leng et al 1983, Nelson & Nick01 1986) have also been O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany mainly confined to light microscopical studies except for a scanning electron microscopical examination of the rat intestine experimentally infected with Moniliforrnis rnoniliformis (Martin et al 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-parasite interface of fish acanthocephalans. I. Acanthocephalus anguillae (Palaeacanthocephala) in naturally infected fishes: LM and TEM investigations

Taraschewski¹

1988

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Nine species of freshwater fish from Ruhrlake (FRG) were investigated for infection with Acanthocephalus a n g d l a e over 2 yr Prevalence rates of infected fish did not depend on season and were as follows: Leuascus cephalus (chub) 84 7'0, Tinca tinca (tench) 44 %, Abramis brama (bream) 34 % , Angullla anguilla (eel) 30 %, Rutrlus rutilus (roach) 16 '10, Alburnus alburnus (bleak) 15 %. Mean intensities ranged from 1 to 7 worms per fish. Chub was the major host in terms of both prevalence and intensity of infection. For investigations on the host-parasite interface Salmo trutta (brown trout), S. gairdneri (rainbow trout) and Leuciscus leuciscus [dace) from other biotopes were also included. In chub, tench, eel, dace and bleak the worms penetrated the intestinal wall by their presoma up to the muscularis or even perforated it completely. In these hosts, living or dead worms were also found within the peritonea1 cavlty and/or viscera. In roach and bream the worms did not penetrate the muscularis, whereas in brown and rainbow trout they never penetrated the stratum compactum. The hosts' inflammatory tissue consisted of 3 zones. The first layer, of necrotic cells and degranulated granulocytes, was found adjacent to the surface of the parasite. Thls necrotic zone gradually passed over to a second layer of mostly intact eosinophdic and heterophlic granulocytes and fibroblasts. The third and outermost layer consisted of collagenous fibers and a few fibroblasts and granulocytes. The fibrous outer layer was only found in those hosts where the worms penetrated the muscularis. A semiliquid, osmiophilic layer between worm-presoma and host tissue was conspicuous in all fish species.

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Pathology (?) of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus in the Starling, Sturnus vulgaris

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Polymorphiasis in Common Eider Ducklings

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Polymorphiasis in Common Eider Ducklings

Effects ofPlagiorhynchus cylindraceus(Acanthocephala) on the energy metabolism of adult starlings,sturnus vulgaris

Host-parasite interface of fish acanthocephalans. I. Acanthocephalus anguillae (Palaeacanthocephala) in naturally infected fishes: LM and TEM investigations

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