Pathology of Small Airways

Cagle, Philip T.; Roggli, Victor L.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68792-6_25

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 256 publications

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“…8,9 Small airways disease includes respiratory bronchiolitis and membranous bronchiolitis 10. The histomorphology includes collections of macrophages containing smoker’s pigment within respiratory bronchiole lumina, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Fischer¹,

Pavlisko²,

Voynow³

2011

COPD

254

185

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Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit dominant features of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or asthma, with a common phenotype of airflow obstruction. COPD pulmonary physiology reflects the sum of pathological changes in COPD, which can occur in large central airways, small peripheral airways, and the lung parenchyma. Quantitative or high-resolution computed tomography is used as a surrogate measure for assessment of disease progression. Different biological or molecular markers have been reported that reflect the mechanistic or pathogenic triad of inflammation, proteases, and oxidants and correspond to the different aspects of COPD histopathology. Similar to the pathogenic triad markers, genetic variations or polymorphisms have also been linked to COPD-associated inflammation, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been reports identifying aging-associated mechanistic markers as downstream consequences of the pathogenic triad in the lungs from COPD patients. For this review, the authors have limited their discussion to a review of mechanistic markers and genetic variations and their association with COPD histopathology and disease status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Fischer¹,

Pavlisko²,

Voynow³

2011

COPD

254

185

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“…For both patients, the enlarged nodule observed on CT was clinically problematic, and their malignant potential could not be excluded. The neoplastic nature of the lesions was suspected because of the overgrowth of goblet cells, overrunning ciliated cells and basal cells, which is different from the usual goblet cell metaplasia that is often composed of more easily noticeable population of ciliated cells and basal cells . A malignant lesion, such as mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (m‐BAC), shares some histopathological similarities with the present cases in that goblet cells were the predominant epithelial component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The present cases showed multiple foci of goblet cell metaplasia that varied in size and showed a bronchiolocentric distribution. Based on previous knowledge, they were believed to have resulted from long‐term exposure to airway irritants such as tobacco, minerals, dust, and intrinsic and extrinsic allergens. Although peribronchiolar metaplasias are often accompanied by interstitial lung disease, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and respiratory bronchitis‐associated interstitial lung disease (RB‐ILD), the two patients had no such disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small airways can sustain injuries due to inhaled tobacco smoke, minerals, dust, and intrinsic and extrinsic allergens. In general, there are several histopathological reactions of small airway injuries that have similar morphological features . Chronic irritation of the small airways is the most common type of injury and is usually accompanied by metaplastic epithelium, such as bronchiolar, goblet cell, and squamous metaplasia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic irritation of the small airways is the most common type of injury and is usually accompanied by metaplastic epithelium, such as bronchiolar, goblet cell, and squamous metaplasia. Peribronchiolar alveolar epithelial metaplasia manifests as cuboidal, bronchiolar, goblet cell, and squamous metaplasias . As for goblet cell metaplasia, Clara cells are thought to transdifferentiate into goblet cells, whereas goblet cell proliferation is thought to occur less often …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive goblet cell metaplasia of the peripheral lung may harbor precancerous molecular changes: Comparison of two cases

Tajima

Kurabe

Okihara

et al. 2014

Pathology International

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We present two cases of extensive goblet cell metaplasia in the peripheral lung. The first case was a 72-year-old male with a nodule (12 × 10 mm) detected by CT. Macroscopically, it contained abundant mucin; histopathologically, goblet cells were predominant, whereas ciliated and basal cells were sparse. A KRAS G12V mutation was detected. In the pulmonary background of this case, scattered tiny foci of goblet cell metaplasia were present. The second case was a 71-year-old female with a nodule (7 × 5 mm) detected by CT. It contained abundant mucin, and microscopically, various cell types were intermingled. Although the nodule mainly comprised goblet cells, ciliated and basal cells were also easily identified. No KRAS mutation was found in this patient. Dispersed minute foci of goblet cell metaplasia were identified in the pulmonary background. Therefore, we suspect that airway irritants may have contributed to the changes that occurred in the pulmonary background of both cases. We propose that the tendency of goblet cells to overwhelm other cell types in the metaplastic epithelium may be an indicator of precancerous molecular changes.

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Carcinoma of the Lung

Roggli

2013

Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases

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Pathology of Small Airways

Cited by 6 publications

References 256 publications

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Extensive goblet cell metaplasia of the peripheral lung may harbor precancerous molecular changes: Comparison of two cases

Carcinoma of the Lung

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Pathology of Small Airways

Cited by 6 publications

References 256 publications

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease&ndash;antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease&ndash;antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Extensive goblet cell metaplasia of the peripheral lung may harbor precancerous molecular changes: Comparison of two cases

Carcinoma of the Lung

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Product

Resources

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Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation

Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease–antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation