Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected withS.Gallinarum

Abstract

The present study describes the pathological and bacteriological findings and diagnosis by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected with Salmonella gallinarum obtained from three commercial budgerigar rearing farms. The course of the disease in young budgerigars was peracute or acute, whereas in adult budgerigars the disease was acute or chronic. Clinically, yellowÁwhite diarrhoea was observed in the young budgerigars with the acute form. In the adult budgerigars with the acute and chronic forms, a decrease in feed and water consumption with loss in body condition together with greenish-yellow diarrhoea was generally noted. Peritonitis and pericarditis were the most common findings in young budgerigars at necropsy, while in adult budgerigars scattered greyÁwhite necrotic foci were found in the livers. Histopathologically, the lesions in young budgerigars were characterized with fibrinonecrotic peritonitis and/or pericarditis and necrotic hepatitis. In adult budgerigars with acute infection, hepatic necrosis with focal heterophil infiltration was present; whilst lesions in the chronic cases were granulomatous in nature with the infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and histiocytes. For the detection of S. Gallinarum in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, the avidinÁbiotin peroxidase complex and immunofluorescence methods were used. Both methods showed bacteria to be localized in the liver, kidney, peritoneum, heart, spleen and intestines of both young and adult budgerigars. The results of the present study indicate that the avidinÁbiotin peroxidase complex method was more sensitive than the immunofluorescence method in the detection of the bacteria.

Quantitative distribution and interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells in visceral organs of chickens infected orally, intraperitoneally and per cloaca

“…Salmonella organisms are obligate intracellular pathogens and require host cells to survive, replicate and produce local or systemic disease. Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Enteritidis have been demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the crop, intestine, caecum and cloaca; and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes by various workers (Desmidt et al, 1998;Henderson et al, 1999;Shivaprasad and Barrow, 2008;Beyaz et al, 2010;Shahlinuzzaman et al, 2011;Tunca et al, 2012). However, our present study determined the quantitative distribution and interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells in the visceral organs.…”

Screening of Salmonella spp. and Chlamydophila psittaciin parrots domiciled in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil

“…In a study by Tunca et al (2012) in Turkey on budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) from three commercial farms, the presence of S. gallinarum was detected. Compared with other species of birds, it presented a high mortality rate, which demonstrates the high susceptibility of these parrots to the studied pathogen.…”

Age dynamics of the stomach and intestines’ anatomical parameters of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

“…Наукові публікації стосовно біології папуг, і, в т.ч., найбільш поширеного виду -хвилястого папуги, присвячено дослідженням його вокальних особливостей (Leong et al, 2020;Henry, 2021), складу раціону (Earle & Clarke, 1991;Brightsmith, 2012;Cornejo et al, 2021), гематологічних показників (Fischer et al, 2006Scope et al, 2006); новоутворень (Simova-Curd et al, 2006;Snyder & Treuting, 2014), а також інфекційних захворювань переважно органів травлення (Tunca et al, 2012;Püstow & Krautwald-Junghanns, 2017;Powers et al, 2019;Fulton & Mani, 2020). Інформація стосовно особливостей анатомічної будови органів травлення хвилястих папуг є дуже обмеженою, що є дивним на тлі зростаючого практичного і наукового інтересу до питань годівлі і живлення, а також діагностики і лікування хвороб органів травного апарату (Earle & Clarke, 1991).…”