Pathomorphology of experimental head injury due to rotational acceleration

Unterharnscheidt, Friedrich; Higgins, Lawrence S.

doi:10.1007/bf00692508

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…75 Other studies investigating head injury tolerance due to rotational acceleration have also focused on higher severities including diffuse axonal injury. 44,62 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

et al. 2014

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A majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in motor vehicle crashes and sporting environments are mild and caused by high-rate acceleration of the head. For injuries caused by rotational acceleration, both magnitude and duration of the acceleration pulse were shown to influence injury outcomes. This study incorporated a unique rodent model of rotational acceleration-induced mild TBI (mTBI) to quantify independent effects of magnitude and duration on behavioral and neuroimaging outcomes. Ninety-two Sprague– Dawley rats were exposed to head rotational acceleration at peak magnitudes of 214 or 350 krad/s2 and acceleration pulse durations of 1.6 or 3.4 ms in a full factorial design. Rats underwent a series of behavioral tests including the Composite Neuroscore (CN), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the fixed brains was conducted to assess the effects of rotational injury on brain microstructure as revealed by the parameter fractional anisotropy (FA). While the injury did not cause significant locomotor or cognitive deficits measured with the CN and MWM, respectively, a main effect of duration was consistently observed for the EPM. Increased duration caused significantly greater activity and exploratory behaviors measured as open arm time and number of arm changes. DTI demonstrated significant effects of both magnitude and duration, with the FA of the amygdala related to both the magnitude and duration. Increased duration also caused FA changes at the interface of gray and white matter. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that the consequences of rotational acceleration mTBI were more closely associated with duration of the rotational acceleration impulse, which is often neglected as an independent factor, and highlight the need for animal models of TBI with strong biomechanical foundations to associate behavioral outcomes with brain microstructure.

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“…75 Other studies investigating head injury tolerance due to rotational acceleration have also focused on higher severities including diffuse axonal injury. 44,62 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

et al. 2014

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“…The current parametric study analyzed the effects of different angular loading profiles on internal brain mechanics using a simplified approach. Translation effects were not introduced because experimental and analytical modeling results have shown that strains are primarily controlled by angular loading even in the presence of translational accelerations (Holbourn, 1943;Huang et al, 1999;Lee et al, 1987;Ommaya and Gennarelli, 1974;Unterharnscheidt and Higgins, 1969;Zhang et al, 2006). In general, peak principal strains increased with increasing separation time interval for both types of biphasic pulses.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

Yoganandan

Lǐ

Zhang

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complex injury associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms and detriment, ranging from mild levels, such as concussion that causes transient unconsciousness and nominal neurological impairment, to severe forms, such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) that leads to prolonged coma accompanied by damage throughout the white matter of the brain (Gennarelli et al, 1982, Hardy, 2007, Kleiven, 2002. Although a complete understanding of the causation and effect relationship between mechanical input and associated brain injury remains to be developed, it has been reported that relative motion between the brain and skull and resultant brain deformation are primarily induced by rotational loading, which consequently trigger many types of brain trauma , Hardy et al, 1994, Holbourn, 1943, Kleiven, 2002, Ommaya and Hirsch, 1971, Unterharnscheidt and Higgins, 1969. However, it is also understood that the transient intracranial pressure elevation has negative effects on the brain (Chason et al, 1958, Gurdjian et al, 1961, Hardy, 2007, Kleiven, 2013, Masuzawa et al, 1976, Nahum et al, 1977, Nusholtz et al, 1984, Stalnaker et al, 1977, Trosseille et al, 1992, VandeVord et al, 2008, von Holst and Li, 2013 and is directly related to resultant linear acceleration measured at the center of gravity (c.g.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reanalysis of Experimental Brain Strain Data: Implication for Finite Element Head Model Validation

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Kleiven³

et al. 2018

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Relative motion between the brain and skull and brain deformation are biomechanics aspects associated with many types of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus far, there is only one experimental endeavor reported brain strain under loading conditions commensurate with levels that were capable of producing injury. Most of the existing finite element (FE) head models are validated against brain-skull relative motion and then used for TBI prediction based on strain metrics. However, the suitability of using a model validated against brain-skull relative motion for strain prediction remains to be determined. To partially address the deficiency of experimental brain deformation data, this study revisits the only existing dynamic experimental brain strain data and updates the original calculations, which reflect incremental strain changes. The brain strain is recomputed by imposing the measured motion of neutral density target (NDT) to the NDT triad model. The revised brain strain and the brain-skull relative motion data are then used to test the hypothesis that an FE head model validated against brainskull relative motion does not guarantee its accuracy in terms of brain strain prediction. To this end, responses of brain strain and brain-skull relative motion of a previously developed FE head model (Kleiven, 2007) are compared with available experimental data. CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) and Normalized Integral Square Error (NISE) are employed to evaluate model validation performance for both brain strain and brain-skull relative motion. Correlation analyses (Pearson coefficient) are conducted between average cluster peak strain and average cluster peak brain-skull relative motion, and also between brain strain validation scores and brain-skull relative motion validation scores. The results show no significant correlations, neither between experimentally acquired peaks nor between computationally determined validation scores. These findings indicate that a head model validated against brain-skull relative motion may not be sufficient to assure its strain prediction accuracy. It is suggested that a FE head model with intended use for strain prediction should be validated against the experimental brain deformation data and not just the brain-skull relative motion.

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Pathomorphology of experimental head injury due to rotational acceleration

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

A Reanalysis of Experimental Brain Strain Data: Implication for Finite Element Head Model Validation

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