Pathophysiological and Pharmacological Effects of Snake Venom Components: Molecular Targets

Fatima, Laraba-Djebari; Chérifi, Fatah

doi:10.4172/2161-0495.1000190

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Another common effect of envenomation by Viperidae snakes of the Bothrops genus is muscle tissue damage (myonecrosis) [ 41 ]. This effect is mainly induced by a group of highly basic proteins with phospholipase

structure and, to a lesser extent, by SVMPs [ 42 ]. In this study, myricetin at concentrations of 800, 1200 and 1600

M induced a reduction of 22.3%, 63.5% and 65.5%, respectively, of the plasma creatine kinase activity in mice injected with Batx-I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by the Flavonoid Myricetin

et al. 2018

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Most of the snakebite envenomations in Central and South America are caused by species belonging to Bothrops genus. Their venom is composed mainly by zinc-dependent metalloproteinases, responsible of the hemorrhage characteristic of these envenomations. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory ability of ten flavonoids on the in-vitro proteolytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom and on the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myonecrotic activities of Batx-I, the most abundant metalloproteinase isolated from this venom. Myricetin was the most active compound, exhibiting an IC50 value of 150 μM and 1021 μM for the inhibition of proteolytic and hemorrhagic activity, respectively. Independent injection experiments, with a concentration of 1600 μM of myricetin administered locally, immediately after toxin injection, demonstrated a reduction of 28±6% in the hemorrhagic lesion. Additionally, myricetin at concentrations 800, 1200 and 1600 μM promoted a reduction in plasma creatine kinase activity induced by Batx-I of 21±2%, 60±5% and 63±2%, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with the adaptive biasing method suggest that myricetin can bind to the metalloproteinase active site via formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups 3’, 4’ and 5’ of the benzyl moiety and amino acid Glu143 of the metalloproteinase. The hydroxyl substitution pattern of myricetin appears to be essential for its inhibitory activity. Based on this evidence, myricetin constitutes a candidate for the development of inhibitors to reduce local tissue damage in snakebite envenomations.

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structure and, to a lesser extent, by SVMPs [ 42 ]. In this study, myricetin at concentrations of 800, 1200 and 1600

M induced a reduction of 22.3%, 63.5% and 65.5%, respectively, of the plasma creatine kinase activity in mice injected with Batx-I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by the Flavonoid Myricetin

et al. 2018

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“…Surface epicardial petechial hemorrhage and subendocardial hemorrhage were noted in a study by Welton et al (Welton et al 2017). The cause for hemorrhage in the heart was proposed as snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMPs) which impedes platelet aggregation and potentiates bleeding (Fatima and Fatah 2014). Another study on hemotoxic effects of snake venom stated that SVMPs also directed inactivation of factor X, prothrombin, and fibrinogenolytic effects (Slagboom et al 2017).…”

Section: Gross Findings Of Study Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological profile of fatal snake bite autopsy cases in a tertiary care center in South India

Shaha

Patra

et al. 2021

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background Snake bite is a major public health problem, especially in the tropical areas of the world, which the World Health Organization aims to eradicate. According to the National Crime Records Bureau in India, where agriculture is the mainstay of employment attributes about 8660 mortalities in a year. Histopathological results are of immense help in establishing the cause of death in those snake bite cases where other circumstantial shreds of evidence are lacking. Results An autopsy-based prospective study was conducted on fatal cases of snake bite reported at a tertiary care center in south India over a period of 2 years. A total of 38 fatal snake bite cases were included in the study. Epidemiological data were collected and analyzed. Histopathological findings of the kidneys, heart, and endocrine glands (pituitary, adrenals, thyroid, and pancreas) were analyzed. The significant findings of the kidneys were distinct corticomedullary demarcation on the gross surface (65.8%) and congestion and acute tubular necrosis (55.3%) on histology. On the other hand, in the set of endocrine glands, adrenals and pituitary showed predominantly hemorrhagic infarction on the histological analysis (18.4% and 52.6%) respectively. Conclusion The results of the current study enlighten the findings such as distinct corticomedullary demarcation and acute tubular necrosis in the kidneys and hemorrhagic infarction in the endocrine glands in a case of snake bite. It highlights the need for histopathological analysis in the cases of a fatal snake bite when other circumstantial and gross features become indecisive. This can aid immensely in a medico-legal investigation of snake bite cases.

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“…Bites by dangerous snakes are greatly feared, and effective symptomatic diagnosis and treatment are poorly documented. Due to complex pathogenesis and interspecific variability of venom components, the mechanisms and pathophysiological changes are still not completely elucidated [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in detoxification systems of snake venom-induced toxicity

Dong

Deng

Yan

et al. 2020

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Background: Snakebites remain a major life-threatening event worldwide. It is still difficult to make a positive identification of snake species by clinicians in both Western medicine and Chinese medicine. The main reason for this is a shortage of diagnostic biomarkers and lack of knowledge about pathways of venom-induced toxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine, snakebites are considered to be treated with wind, fire, and wind-fire toxin, but additional studies are required. Methods: Cases of snakebite seen at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were grouped as follows: fire toxin-including four cases of bites by Agkistrodon acutus and three bites by Trimeresurus stejnegeri-and wind-fire toxin-four cases of bites by vipers and three bites by cobras. Serum protein quantification was performed using LC-MS/MS. Differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were identified from comparison of snakebites of each snake species and healthy controls. The protein interaction network was constructed using STITCH database. Results: Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of 474 unique proteins exhibited protein expression profiles of wind-fire toxins that are distinct from that of fire toxins. Ninety-three DAPs were identified in each snakebite subgroup as compared with healthy control, of which 38 proteins were found to have significantly different expression levels and 55 proteins displayed no expression in one subgroup, by subgroup comparison. GO analysis revealed that the DAPs participated in bicarbonate/ oxygen transport and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and affected carbon-oxygen lyase activity and heme binding. Thirty DAPs directly or indirectly acted on hydrogen peroxide in the interaction network of proteins and drug compounds. The network

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Pathophysiological and Pharmacological Effects of Snake Venom Components: Molecular Targets

Cited by 28 publications

References 82 publications

Inhibition of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by the Flavonoid Myricetin

Inhibition of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by the Flavonoid Myricetin

Histopathological profile of fatal snake bite autopsy cases in a tertiary care center in South India

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in detoxification systems of snake venom-induced toxicity

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