Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic role of S100 proteins in cardiac failure: a systematic review

Abstract

S100 proteins are a family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins involved in calcium handling in many tissues and organs. Some of these proteins are highly expressed in cardiac tissue, and an impairment of some specific S100 proteins has been related to heart failure. To check this hypothesis, we decided to review the literature since 2008 until May 2015. According to the studies collected, recovering S100A1 levels may enhance contractile/relaxing performance in heart failure, reverse negative force-frequency relationship, improve contractile reserve, reverse diastolic dysfunction and protect against pro-arrhythmic reductions of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium. The safety profile of gene therapy was also confirmed. Increased S100B protein levels were related to a worse outcome in chronic heart failure. S100A8/A9 complex plasma levels, as well as other inflammatory biomarkers, were significantly higher in chronic heart failure patients. S100A2 seems to increase both contractile and relaxation performance in animal cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, S100A6 cardiac expression seems to have no effects on contractility. S100A4 KO mice showed reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Data collected encourage a potential prospective application in human. These proteins could be exploited as biomarkers in stadiation and prognosis of chronic heart failure, as well as therapeutic target to rescue failing heart. Registration details The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) under registration number CRD42015027932.

Effect of testosterone supplementation on nitroso‐redox imbalance, cardiac metabolism markers, and S100 proteins expression in the heart of castrated male rats

“…The latest advances in S100 proteins related to heart failure examined by Imbalzano et al . () reported that S100 proteins could be exploited as markers in stadiation and prognosis of chronic heart failure. Also, these proteins, especially S100a1, have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in failing heart.…”

Screening hub genes in coronary artery disease based on integrated analysis

“…It is noted that S100A8/A9 can activate the vascular endothelium and increase endothelial permeability and has been found associated with atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease [37][38][39]. S100A8/A9 complex plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic heart failure [40]. It is suggested that serum S100A8/A9 was shown to be associated with the severity of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus [41,42].…”

New insights into SERCA2a gene therapy in heart failure: pay attention to the negative effects of B-type natriuretic peptides

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