Pathophysiology and Clinical Assessment of Primary Amenorrhea

Creatsas, George; Creatsas, Maria

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03494-2_1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Clinicians apply laboratory test results and karyotype analysis to diagnose patients with amenorrhea and no secondary sexual characteristics. [ 2 ] In our study, one patient mentioned the absence of secondary sexual characteristics by 14 years of age and two others reported lack of menarche by 16 years. Androgen insensitivity syndrome is the common diagnosis in patients with breast development and minimal or no pubic hair (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Primary amenorrhea could be diagnosed if a patient has normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 16 years of age. [ 1 2 ] Also, if a patient had no secondary sexual characteristics and no menarche, primary amenorrhea could be diagnosed even in 14 years of age. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for 3 months in women with previously normal menstruation and for 9 months in women with previous oligomenorrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pure gonadal dysgenesis (46 XX type) with a familial pattern

2015

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46, XX gonadal dysgenesis without the phenotype of Turner's syndrome is described as “pure”. Although, previous investigations obtained that commonly gonadal dysgenesis did not cause breast development as a result of low levels of circulating estradiol. However, in this study, we aimed to report a familial pure gonadal dysgenesis with and without normal secondary sexual characteristics. In this study, we reported three siblings with pure gonadal dysgenesis with and without normal secondary sexual characteristics. The elder two sisters had a normal female phenotype and the youngest had amenorrhea with no breast development (B1) and pubic hair. In addition, it seems that the absence of pubic hair occurred due to delayed constitutional puberty. According to results, it seems that clinicians should consider different presentations for pure gonadal dysgenesis with familial pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure gonadal dysgenesis (46 XX type) with a familial pattern

2015

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“…Imaging studies, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were utilized in 28.1% of cases. These modalities are invaluable in assessing structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract, which can be a significant factor in primary amenorrhea [ 50 ]. Müllerian anomalies, such as Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, characterized by congenital absence or underdevelopment of the uterus and vagina, are often diagnosed through imaging techniques [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Analysis of Effective Management Strategies for Primary Amenorrhea of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia

Bakhsh

2024

Life

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Primary amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation by age 15, can have significant implications for reproductive health and overall well-being. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various management strategies for primary amenorrhea among women of reproductive age in Saudi Arabia. Medical records of 63 eligible patients from 2018 to 2023 were analyzed, assessing diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and associated outcomes. The findings revealed that hormonal therapy was the most commonly employed management strategy (50.0%) and demonstrated the highest rate of achieving menstrual regularity (62.5%). Surgical interventions were utilized in 28.1% of cases, with a 50.0% rate of symptom resolution. Lifestyle modifications were less frequent (21.9%) but showed a moderate rate of symptom resolution (35.7%). Logistic regression analysis identified age, underlying etiology, and management strategy as significant predictors of treatment success. Subgroup analyses highlighted the efficacy of hormonal therapy and lifestyle modifications for genetic etiologies, while surgical interventions were more effective for anatomical causes. The study underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient characteristics. Despite limitations, the findings contribute to the understanding of optimal management strategies for primary amenorrhea and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in addressing this complex condition.

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Pathophysiology and Clinical Assessment of Primary Amenorrhea

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Pure gonadal dysgenesis (46 XX type) with a familial pattern

Pure gonadal dysgenesis (46 XX type) with a familial pattern

Retrospective Analysis of Effective Management Strategies for Primary Amenorrhea of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia

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