Pathophysiology and clinical implementation of traumatic brain injury biomarkers: neuron-specific enolase

Bezek, Sarah; Biberthaler, Peter; Martinez-Espina, I.; Bogner-Flatz, Viktoria

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816346-7.00011-7

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoenzyme of enolase that is known to be expressed in neurons and neuroendocrine cells [24]. Inhalation of silica, which is also found in cement, can lead to silicosis, which is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis [25] under normal physiological conditions, NSE is released into the extracellular space, but it is released and possibly upregulated when there is a damage or injury to the cell [26]. Therefore, the raised levels of the NSE in this study are probably due to injury to the lung cells due to the inhalation of cement dust that may have occurred among the exposed subjects [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Some Inflammatory, Cancer Markers and Total Antioxidant Status among Cement Loaders in Port-Harcourt

Nyebuchi

Eze

Bartimaeus

et al. 2022

AJBGMB

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The effect of cement dust has been linked to many diseases but very few studies have been able to study the impact of cement on oxidative stress, inflammation and carcinogenesis in Port Harcourt. Therefore, this study was focus on assessing the effect of cement dust on total antioxidant status (TAS), inflammatory markers and cancer markers among cement loaders in Port Harcourt. The study was conducted in Port Harcourt among 100 cement loaders and 100 non-cement exposed individuals who made up the control group. Upon consenting to participate in the study, subjects were randomly selected for recruitment into the study. Five milliliters of blood was collected from each subject and was assayed for total antioxidant status (TAS) using enzymatic colorimetric method, IL-10, IL-1 \(\beta\) , Neuron specific Enolase (NSE), C-Reactive protein (CRP), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) using ELISA technique. Results compared TAS, IL-10, IL-1 \(\beta\) , NSE, CRP and VEGF-A levels between cement exposed group and control group. TAS result revealed that there was a significant decrease between in the exposed group (P-value=0.0011). CRP, result revealed that there was no significant difference between both groups (P-value=0.1103). IL-10, result revealed that there was a significant decrease in the exposed group (P-value=0.0030). IL-1 \(\beta\) , result revealed that there was a significant increase in the exposed group (P-value=0.0012). VEGF-A result revealed that there was no significant difference between both groups (P-value=0.653). NSE, result revealed that there was a significant increase in the exposed groups (P-value<0.0001). This study has shown that human exposure to cement dust increases oxidative stress, affects inflammatory responses and may increase the risk of cancer among cement workers in Port Harcourt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Some Inflammatory, Cancer Markers and Total Antioxidant Status among Cement Loaders in Port-Harcourt

Nyebuchi

Eze

Bartimaeus

et al. 2022

AJBGMB

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“…Additionally, NSE is currently recognized as the most reliable tumor marker for diagnosing, prognosing, and monitoring small-cell lung cancer [ 86 ]. NSE can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum [ 40 , 42 , 87 ]. In addition to CFS and serum NSE biomarkers, many studies have aimed to validate a plasma biomarker for neuronal damage that could be used non-invasively to study neurological diseases in both acute and chronic models [ 39 , 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Nse As a Neuronal Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A potential solution could be an introduction of a hemolysis correction factor or a preliminary hemolysis index [ 87 , 122 , 123 ]. Second, the prolonged half-life of NSE (in comparison to other neuronal biomarkers, such as S100β) can disturb short-term monitoring [ 40 , 124 ]. Careful consideration should be given to the release patterns of NSE, as they can greatly impact optimal NSE sampling times.…”

Section: Nse As a Neuronal Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system: more than a neuronal marker

Horvat,

Kos,

Pišlar

2024

Cell Biosci

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Enolase, a multifunctional protein with diverse isoforms, has generally been recognized for its primary roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The shift in isoform expression from α-enolase to neuron-specific γ-enolase extends beyond its enzymatic role. Enolase is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and the maturation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Neuron-specific γ-enolase is a critical biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies and neurological conditions, not only indicating disease but also participating in nerve cell formation and neuroprotection and exhibiting neurotrophic-like properties. These properties are precisely regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X and scaffold protein γ1-syntrophin. Our findings suggest that γ-enolase, specifically its C-terminal part, may offer neuroprotective benefits against neurotoxicity seen in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, although the therapeutic potential of γ-enolase seems promising, the effectiveness of enolase inhibitors is under debate. This paper reviews the research on the roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system, especially in pathophysiological events and the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…This overcomes the current limitations of fat deformability, which allows fats to pass through the CPB filters. The effective filtration of lipid microemboli attenuates the release of neuron-specific enolase, a biomarker for neuronal injury ( p = 0.013) ( 135 , 136 ).…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Follo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Cardiac Surgery

Smith

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is extremely prevalent following cardiac surgery. The increasing patient age and comorbidity profile increases their susceptibility to cognitive impairment. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms leading to cognitive impairment are not clearly elucidated. Using the contemporary literature (2015–present), this narrative review has three aims. Firstly, to provide an overview of postoperative cognitive impairment. Secondly, to analyse the predominant pathophysiological mechanisms leading to cognitive dysfunction following cardiac surgery such as inflammation, cerebral hypoperfusion, cerebral microemboli, glycaemic control and anaesthesia induced neurotoxicity. Lastly, to assess the current therapeutic strategies of interest to address these pathophysiological mechanisms, including the administration of dexamethasone, the prevention of prolonged cerebral desaturations and the monitoring of cerebral perfusion using near-infrared spectroscopy, surgical management strategies to reduce the neurological effects of microemboli, intraoperative glycaemic control strategies, the effect of volatile vs. intravenous anaesthesia, and the efficacy of dexmedetomidine.

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Pathophysiology and clinical implementation of traumatic brain injury biomarkers: neuron-specific enolase

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Evaluation of Some Inflammatory, Cancer Markers and Total Antioxidant Status among Cement Loaders in Port-Harcourt

Evaluation of Some Inflammatory, Cancer Markers and Total Antioxidant Status among Cement Loaders in Port-Harcourt

Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system: more than a neuronal marker

An Update on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Cardiac Surgery

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