Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation

Wieling, Wouter; Dijk, J. Gert van; Lieshout, Johannes J. van; Benditt, David G.

doi:10.1002/9781444312812.ch3

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer with excellent properties including thermal and chemical stability, mechanical toughness and biocompatibility 1–3. PEEK has already been used for orthopaedic and spinal implants1, 4–7 but has not been yet used in the encapsulation of implantable devices such as heart pacemakers, for which metals such as titanium have traditionally been used 8. A critical area that needs to be addressed before PEEK can be used for encapsulation applications is the formation of a strong hermetic bond, preferably without the use of a conventional adhesive that might cause toxicity problems in the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Autohesive Bonding of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for Biomedical Applications Using a Methane/Oxygen Plasma Treatment

Awaja

Zhang

James

et al. 2010

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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High performance polymers such as PEEK are currently considered unsuitable for the encapsulation of biomedical implants, partly because of a lack of a strong and durable bonding technology. Strong autohesive bonds were achieved between semi‐crystalline PEEK surfaces using a treatment in RF plasma with a mixture of methane and oxygen (CH4/O2) gases. The surfaces were bonded under pressure above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and below the melting point (Tm). The treatment with CH4/O2 gases produced significantly higher bond strength than untreated samples and samples treated with CH4 only. The CH4/O2 plasma treatments generated a higher polar component of surface energy than observed for the untreated surfaces and also higher than that observed for surfaces plasma treated in CH4 alone. XPS analysis of surfaces treated with CH4/O2 plasma for more than 3 min showed that oxygenated nano‐films were deposited that contained CO groups and these showed the highest bonding strength. Free radical induced cross‐linking of the deposited nano‐film is proposed as a mechanism to explain the high bond strength achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Autohesive Bonding of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for Biomedical Applications Using a Methane/Oxygen Plasma Treatment

Awaja

Zhang

James

et al. 2010

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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show abstract

“…The symptoms of hypoperfusion include lightheadedness, unclear thinking, blurred or darkened vision, and tinnitus [ 26 ]. A prodromal sensation of vision is caused by retinal hypoperfusion [ 27 ]. Unlike the brain and brainstem, the eye is not protected by the pressure-equalizing effects of cerebrospinal fluid [ 27 ].…”

Section: Important Questions In the Clinical History: Linking With Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prodromal sensation of vision is caused by retinal hypoperfusion [ 27 ]. Unlike the brain and brainstem, the eye is not protected by the pressure-equalizing effects of cerebrospinal fluid [ 27 ]. Because retinal hypoperfusion precedes brain hypoperfusion, visual prodromes (i.e., blackening out) can occur before a TLOC [ 27 ].…”

Section: Important Questions In the Clinical History: Linking With Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27) Unlike the brain and brainstem, the eye is not protected by the pressureequalizing effects of cerebrospinal fluid. 27) Because retinal hypoperfusion precedes brain hypoperfusion, visual prodromes (i.e., blackening out) can occur before a TLOC. 27) Prodrome is an essential symptom of syncope, providing a clue in differentiating it from other TLOC, particularly seizures.…”

Section: ) Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27) Because retinal hypoperfusion precedes brain hypoperfusion, visual prodromes (i.e., blackening out) can occur before a TLOC. 27) Prodrome is an essential symptom of syncope, providing a clue in differentiating it from other TLOC, particularly seizures. 28) However, clinicians must recognize that prodromal symptoms can be reported only when the fall in BP is detectable and the patient's sensations are listed for later recall.…”

Section: ) Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pediatric syncope: pearls and pitfalls in history taking

Yeom

Woo

2023

Clin Exp Pediatr

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Syncope is a heterogeneous syndrome with complex underlying mechanisms, hence, the spectrum of patients presenting with syncope is broad. The diagnosis of syncope begins with history taking, and an accurate diagnosis can be established through correct history taking and interpretation. Building and interpreting patient history are the main factors that cause a diagnostic yield gap between experts and nonexperts. The most frequent source of error is a clinician’s misconception rather than an inaccurate account of patient symptoms. Clinicians can have several diagnostic pitfalls while evaluating patient history, which can be avoided by in-depth understanding of the link between syncope pathophysiology and clinical clues. Furthermore, clinicians need to understand the clinical features of diseases that require differentiation from syncope, such as seizures. The use of confusing terms is one of the barriers that prevents accurate diagnosis and communication between doctors and patients. In this review, we address the terms of syncope and its essential history-taking components in connection with the mechanism of syncope.

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Data Mining to Improve Safety of Blood Donation Process

Erraguntla

Tomasulo

Land

et al. 2014

2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Blood donation is a voluntary activity in the United States and provides critical blood units for transfusions. Blood is collected, processed and transported by blood centers to hospitals, though some hospitals also collect blood directly from donors. Blood donation is very safe, but a small percentage of donors can have reactions and some of these reactions can lead to serious injury. Donor hemovigilance is the surveillance and analysis of donor reactions with the goal of understanding the factors influencing reactions and indentifying steps to improve donor safety [9]. Historically in the U.S., donor hemovigilance is managed by individual collection centers to improve their specific organization's donation processes. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed a software tool (called DonorHART™) to collect, organize and analyze reactions that occur at different participating blood centers and hospitals [6,8]. Data mining is used to analyze factors influencing the donor reactions, and the insights are shared with the community to help blood center and hospital managers and quality improvement administrators undertake interventions to improve donor safety [10]. The paper presents the history of the donor hemovigilance development and two data mining efforts performed on the data collected to improve the safety of blood donation processes.

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Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Enhanced Autohesive Bonding of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for Biomedical Applications Using a Methane/Oxygen Plasma Treatment

Enhanced Autohesive Bonding of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for Biomedical Applications Using a Methane/Oxygen Plasma Treatment

Pediatric syncope: pearls and pitfalls in history taking

Data Mining to Improve Safety of Blood Donation Process

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