Pathophysiology and Organ Damage in Anaphylaxis

Kemp, Stephen F.; Lockey, Richard F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-951-2_3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The best cut-off was 5 lg/L, with a sensitivity of 78.9% (CI 54. 4 The ratio [serum tryptase during reaction/baseline serum tryptase] was 2.4 (0. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in IgE-mediated reactions and 1.17 (0.8-1.9) in non-IgE-mediated reactions.…”

Section: Serum Tryptase Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recently, a high percentage of positive results have been demonstrated when skin tests had been performed during the first 4 days after the reaction . When IgE is not detected, other possible mechanisms exist such as the non‐specific release of histamine, complement activation or the mediation of other antibodies . At the moment of the reaction, doubts may exist as to whether a hypersensitivity reaction is taking place or another diagnosis may be posited (for example, mechanical involvement of the airways, myocardial ischaemia or others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut‐off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions

Berroa

Lafuente

Javaloyes

et al. 2014

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Section: Serum Tryptase Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut‐off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions

Berroa

Lafuente

Javaloyes

et al. 2014

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Organ system involvement varies among species and directs the clinical course of anaphylaxis (101). In humans, compromise of either the cardiovascular or respiratory system defines a severe reaction (21, 102).…”

Section: Immune Regulation Of Oral Antigen-induced Anaphylaxis Severimentioning

confidence: 99%

Food-induced anaphylaxis: mast cells as modulators of anaphylactic severity

et al. 2012

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A food-induced anaphylactic reaction can occur within seconds to a few hours following exposure to the causal food allergen and often affects multiple organ systems including gastrointestinal (GI), cutaneous, respiratory and cardiovascular. A conundrum in the allergy field is that consumption of the same allergen can cause reactions of vastly different severity in separate individuals; one patient may experience a mild non-life-threatening reaction characterized by pruritis of lips or urticaria whereas another may experience a life-threatening reaction that involves respiratory and cardiovascular compromise leading to loss of consciousness and sometimes death. While there are tests available to determine the predictive risk value of a positive food challenge test or clinical reactivity, there is currently no reliable method to distinguish between individuals who are at risk of mild non-life-threatening versus life-threatening reaction. Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of the involvement of immune pathways in the effector phase of food-induced anaphylaxis, a void remains regarding our understanding of the contribution of these pathways to severity of disease. In this review, we discuss mild, non-life-threatening versus life-threatening food-induced anaphylaxis and factors (co-morbidities and immune-activation) that predispose individuals to more severe disease. Furthermore, we summarize recent advancements in our understanding of the involvement of underlying immune pathways in systemic and food-induced anaphylaxis in mouse systems and discuss how these pathways may contribute to more severe disease phenotype.

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“…The entire respiratory tract can be affected in anaphylaxis, involving the upper airway and/or lower airway [69]. Upper airway symptoms develop due to fluid extravasation causing mucosal edema [70].…”

Section: Respiratory Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylactic Shock

DeTurk¹,

Reddy²,

Pellegrino³

et al. 2020

Clinical Management of Shock - The Science and Art of Physiological Restoration

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Anaphylaxis is a life threatening hypersensitivity reaction that can cause shock. Epidemiology studies show anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock is relatively rare, but its incidence is increasing. A review of the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis can provide insight into clinical decisions. Diagnosing anaphylaxis can be difficult as symptoms and history are not always obvious. Diagnostic guidelines provide an objective tool to assess for anaphylaxis. Early intervention during anaphylaxis may prevent development of shock. Management is focused on circulation support with epinephrine and IV fluids, and airway maintenance. Following an acute anaphylactic reaction, patients should be provided with a referral for follow up and educated on avoidance of triggers and use of epinephrine autoinjectors.

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Pathophysiology and Organ Damage in Anaphylaxis

Cited by 5 publications

References 83 publications

The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut‐off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions

The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut‐off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions

Food-induced anaphylaxis: mast cells as modulators of anaphylactic severity

Anaphylactic Shock

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