Pathophysiology of Addiction

Koob, George F.; Kandel, Denise B.; Baler, Rubén; Volkow, Nora D.

doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch22

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…In the scientific literature, addiction was once considered a personality disorder and later, the manifestation of tolerance and withdrawal from hard drug use. However, scientific findings now suggest impaired control as the core defining diagnostic construct, hypothesized to be the result of gradual use-related damage to brain circuits controlling reward sensitivity, motivation, self-regulation, negative emotional states, and stress tolerance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preaddiction—A Missing Concept for Treating Substance Use Disorders

2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preaddiction—A Missing Concept for Treating Substance Use Disorders

2022

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“…One focuses on behaviors, including the frequency with which a substance has been consumed and levels of intake. The other views drug addiction as a chronic brain disorder and assesses associated physiological, medical, psychological and social problems [1]. Diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders are specified by the American Psychiatric Association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal associations between cigarette consumption and DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria in adolescent smokers

Griesler

Wall

et al. 2014

Addiction

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Aims To examine the interrelationships between cigarette consumption and DSM-IV nicotine dependence (ND) criteria from smoking onset in adolescence up to seven years later, adjusting for alcohol consumption and DSM-IV alcohol dependence (AD) criteria. Design A cohort drawn from grades 6-10 in an urban school system was interviewed five times at 6-month intervals (Waves 1-5) and 4.5 years later (Wave 6). A parent was interviewed three times. Setting Chicago, Illinois. Participants Recent smokers (n=409). Measurements Structured household interviews ascertained number of cigarettes smoked, DSM-IV ND symptoms, drinks consumed, DSM-IV AD symptoms, and selected covariates. Analysis Reciprocal prospective associations between number of cigarettes smoked and ND criteria, controlling for time-varying alcohol consumption and dependence criteria, were examined with cross-lagged models. Findings Reciprocal associations between number of cigarettes smoked and ND criteria were both significant. Cigarette consumption had stronger associations with later ND (β=0.25, 95% CI=0.17-0.32) than dependence had with later cigarette consumption (β=0.09, 95% CI=0.01-0.16). Alcohol and cigarette consumption influenced each other; AD scores were associated with later ND scores but not the reverse. Reports of pleasant initial experiences from smoking were positively associated with cigarette consumption and ND the first year after smoking onset; later smoking onset was negatively associated with cigarette consumption the seventh year after onset; parental ND predicted cigarette consumption and ND throughout. Conclusions In adolescent smokers, higher cigarette consumption predicts later severity of DSM-IV nicotine dependence more than the reverse. Smoking and drinking also influence each other mutually over time.

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“…The brain is affected by different categories and classes of drugs and substances as described below. Drugs have different pharmacokinetics that determine duration it affects the body, which affects its patterns of use (Koob et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Different Drugs On the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Alcohol and Drug Addiction: A Discussion

Njeru

2023

IJP

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the neuroscience and neurobiology of alcohol and drug addiction. The study of neuroscience and neurobiology of alcohol and drug addiction will help to understand the relationship between addiction and brain functioning. Methodology: The study utilized a systematic review of literature to study alcohol and drug addiction by identifying parts of the human brain responsible for addiction, stages of addiction, elements of addiction, and effects of different drugs on the brain. The main theories of addiction guiding the research were the Incentive-Sensitization theory and the Disease Theory. Findings: The outcome from the paper showed addiction is a chronic illness that contributes to significant impairments in social function, health, and in lack of control over drug use. The three stages of addiction are intoxication/ binge, withdrawal, and anticipation. Also, it was found out basal ganglia, extended amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex are the main parts of the brain responsible for drug addiction. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The outcome from the paper has contributed towards advancing the knowledge of drug addiction by establishing evidence-based approaches for identifying the neurobiology and neuroscience of drug addiction. Findings can be utilized in developing policies and frameworks that guide the use of drugs, especially prescription drugs like opioids. Moreover, findings help in advancing the practice in medicine by recommending new pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to prevent and control addiction.

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Pathophysiology of Addiction

Cited by 5 publications

References 203 publications

Preaddiction—A Missing Concept for Treating Substance Use Disorders

Preaddiction—A Missing Concept for Treating Substance Use Disorders

Reciprocal associations between cigarette consumption and DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria in adolescent smokers

The Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Alcohol and Drug Addiction: A Discussion

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