Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves

Foster, Derek M.; Smith, Geof W.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013

Cited by 278 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…Rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Clostridium perfringens are also associated with NCD, particularly following the first week of birth [5]. Also, the status of the animals, management procedures, and environmental conditions are all together risk factors that would increase the incidence of NCD [2,4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Umpiérrez

Acquistapace²,

Fernández³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), one of the most important diseases of neonatal dairy and beef calves in Uruguay, has become relevant in association with intensive systems. This disease generates substantial economic losses every year worldwide as a result of increased morbidity and mortality. Escherichia coli, one of the pathogens associated with NCD, can express several fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of clpG, f5, f17A, f17G(II), and f17G(I) genes that encode three important adhesins expressed in diarrheagenic E. coli: F5, F17 and CS31A, isolated from feces of calves in Uruguay. Methodology: Feces of 86 (70 diarrheic and 16 healthy) calves, from 15 animal facilities in Uruguay, were collected between 2012 and 2013. Biochemical and molecular identification were performed to finally obtain 298 E. coli isolates. Partial amplification of adhesion-related genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most prevalent gene was f17A (31.2%), followed by f17G(II), clpG, f17G(I) and f5 (25.8%, 17.5%, 3.7% and 0.7%, respectively). All genes were present in diarrheic and healthy animals except f5 and f17G(I); these genes were present only in affected calves, although in low numbers. Conclusions: This is the first report of the presence of F5, F17, and CS31A genes in E. coli strains from NCD cases in Uruguay. Prevalence values of the genes, except f5, were in accordance with regional findings. It is expected that further characterization of locally transmitted strains will contribute to control a problem of regional and international magnitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NCD has a complex etiopathogenesis, and Escherichia coli, together with rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and Clostridium perfringens, are the pathogens most commonly associated with this disease [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Umpiérrez

Acquistapace²,

Fernández³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Infectious diarrhoea in calves is mainly associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, corona virus, or some combination of these pathogens (Foster et al, 2009). Among these pathogens, E. coli is the important cause of diarrhoea in neonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Clinicohaemato-Biochemical Alterations in Colibacillosis in Neonatal Calves

Sekhar¹,

Ranjan²,

Cv³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…This strain is one of the most significant E. coli involved in the etiology of infectious calf diarrhea. In contrast, another fimbrial type of E. coli isolated from our material (E. coli F17) is not considered an important cause of diarrhea despite its high prevalence in calves (Osek 2001, Foster and Smith 2009, Herrera-Luna et al 2009). The infection with ETECs leads to secretory diarrhea with resultant loss of water and electrolytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While the diarrhea of neonatal calves is usually associated with bacterial (E. coli) or rotaviruses and coronaviruses infections, Cryptosporidium spp. seems to be the most common cause of diarrhea in older, 3-week-old animals (Coutinho et al 2008, Foster and Smith 2009, Ok et al 2009). Clinical signs of diarrhea include loose watery stools, lack of appetite and abdominal pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-base disorders in calves with chronic diarrhea

Bednarski¹,

Kupczyński²,

Sobiech³

2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to analyze disorders of acid-base balance in calves with chronic diarrhea caused by mixed, viral, bacterial and Cryptosporydium parvum infection. We compared results obtained with the classic model (Henderson-Hasselbalch) and strong ion approach (the Steward model). The study included 36 calves aged between 14 and 21 days. The calves were allocated to three groups: I -(control) non-diarrheic calves, group II -animals with compensated acid-base imbalance and group III calves with compensated acid-base disorders and hypoalbuminemia. Plasma concentrations of Na, P, albumin and lactate were measured. In the classic model, acid-base balance was determined on the basis of blood pH, pCO 2 , HCO 3 -, BE and anion gap. In the strong ion model, strong ion difference (SID), effective strong anion difference, total plasma concentration of nonvolatile buffers (A Tot ) and strong ion gap (SIG) were measured.The control calves and the animals from groups II and III did not differ significantly in terms of their blood pH. The plasma concentration of HCO 3 -, BE and partial pressure of CO2 in animals from the two groups with chronic diarrhea were significantly higher than those found in the controls. The highest BE (6.03 mmol/l) was documented in calves from group II. The animals from this group presented compensation resulted from activation of metabolic mechanisms. The calves with hypoalbuminemia (group III) showed lower plasma concentrations of albumin (15.37 g/L), Cl -(74.94 mmol/L), Mg 2+ (0.53 mmol/L), P (1.41 mmol/L) and higher value of anion gap (39.03 mmol/L). This group III presented significantly higher SID 3 (71.89 mmol/L), SID 7 (72.92 mmol/L) and SIG (43.53 mmol/L) values than animals from the remaining groups (P<0.01), whereas A Tot (6.82 mmol/L) were significantly lower. The main finding of the correlation study was the excellent relationship between the AG corr and SID 3 , SID 7 , SIG. In conclusion, chronic diarrhea leads to numerous water-electrolyte disorders. Characterization of acid-base disturbance in these cases suggests that classic model have some limitations. This model can not be recommended for use whenever serum albumin or phosphate concentrations are markedly abnormal.

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Pathophysiology of Diarrhea in Calves

Cited by 278 publications

References 183 publications

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Prevalence, Clinicohaemato-Biochemical Alterations in Colibacillosis in Neonatal Calves

Acid-base disorders in calves with chronic diarrhea

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