Pathophysiology of fibromyalgia

Iannuccelli, Cristina; Franco, Manuela Di; Alessandri, Cristiano; Guzzo, Maria Paola; Croia, Cristina; Sabato, Francesco Di; Foti, M; Valesini, Guido

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05365.x

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…from the standard error of the mean) and were not provided upon request [10,13,15,20,21,25,27]. Finally, 16 articles were principally suitable for meta-analysis [12,14,16-19,22-24,28-34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-one of the 25 (84%) studies had a modified CEBM level of 3d [10-13,16-18,20-25,27-34], and one case report of 4 (4%) [26]. The highest NOS score reached was 4 out of 8; this was achieved by 5/25 studies (25%) [12,28,30,32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest NOS score reached was 4 out of 8; this was achieved by 5/25 studies (25%) [12,28,30,32]. Eleven out of 25 studies (44%) reached a NOS score of 3 [11,13-17,20,24,25,31,33]; 8/25 studies (32%) had a NOS score of 2 [10,18,21-23,27,29,34]; one study had a NOS score of 1 (4%) [26]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome

Üçeyler

Haüser

Sommer

2011

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

212

181

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BackgroundTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on cytokine levels in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).MethodsThrough December 2010 we systematically reviewed the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO and screened the reference lists of 22 review articles for suitable original articles. Original articles investigating cytokines in patients with FMS were included. Data were extracted by two independent authors. Differences of the cytokine levels of FMS patients and controls were summarized by standardized mean differences (SMD) using a random effects model. Study quality was assessed applying methodological scores: modified Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale, and Würzburg Methodological Quality Score.ResultsTwenty-five articles were included investigating 1255 FMS patients and 800 healthy controls. Data of 13/25 studies entered meta-analysis. The overall methodological quality of studies was low. The results of the majority of studies were not comparable because methods, investigated material, and investigated target cytokines differed. Systematic review of the selected 25 articles revealed that FMS patients had higher serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and IL-8, and higher plasma levels of IL-8. Meta-analysis of eligible studies showed that FMS patients had higher plasma IL-6 levels compared to controls (SMD = -0.34 [-0.64, -0.03] 95% CI; p = 0.03). The majority of investigated cytokines were not different between patients and controls.ConclusionsThe pathophysiological role of cytokines in FMS is still unclear. Studies of higher quality and with higher numbers of subjects are needed.

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“…from the standard error of the mean) and were not provided upon request [10,13,15,20,21,25,27]. Finally, 16 articles were principally suitable for meta-analysis [12,14,16-19,22-24,28-34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome

Üçeyler

Haüser

Sommer

2011

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

212

181

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“…As with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, we have not found reported differences in the concentration of IL-8 either on the muscle or on the skin of patients with FM [108,109]. IL-18, inflammatory cytokine closely related to the inflammasome function, was found elevated in the serum of patients with FM [83].Only one study has examined the levels of IL-17 in patients with fibromyalgia, finding that this cytokine is increased in FM patients [116].The cytokine IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has been found increased both in serum [96,99,101,102] as in the cerebrospinal fluid [107] of FM patients, but other authors found no differences in the concentration of this anti-inflammatory cytokine between FM patients and the control group [10,97,98,100,112,114,117]. Even Menzies et al [4] found that patients with FM had lower concentrations of IL-10 compared with healthy people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Only one study has examined the levels of IL-17 in patients with fibromyalgia, finding that this cytokine is increased in FM patients [116].…”

Section: Cytokines In Fmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Inflammatory Mediators in Fibromyalgia

Garcı́a¹,

Carvajal-Gil²,

Herrero-Olea³

et al. 2017

Rheumatology

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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by widespread chronic pain, tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, and sleep and mood disturbances. Current evidences suggest that inflammatory mediators may have an important role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. Every day new evidences emerging of the role of the immune system and the inflammatory process in the pathophysiology of this disease. Thus, the aim of this work has been review that altered inductors, inflammatory mediators and effectors have been reported in fibromyalgia, and its relationship to disease's symptoms. If in fibromyalgia underlies widespread disruption of most characteristic components on the inflammatorý s process (endogenous inductors, mediators and effectors) is logical to think that fibromyalgia is producing a sustained inflammatory response in time, unregulated, responsible for the disease´s symptoms. Keywords:Fibromyalgia; Inflammation; HMGB1; Age; Inflammasome; Cytokines; Chemokines; Pentraxins; Lipid mediators; Monocytes; Neutrophils FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease characterized by a widespread pain, tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, and sleep and mood disturbances. The prevalence of FM in the world ranges between 0.7% and 3.2%. It is more prevalent on women than men with a ratio women/men 20:1 (4.2% prevalence on women compared with 0.2% on men) [1] and it can develop at any age [2].The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but it has been proposed that the FM is a stress-related disorder that may involve a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) [3,4]. Thus, adverse life events, such as emotional, physical and sexual abuse on children and adults have been suggested to contribute to the development of FM [5][6][7].Risk factors FM have been the subject of much debate in recent research. There is no doubt that the experience of an abusive relationship, maintained over time, is a stressful situation that could be related to the presence of FM [8,9].Like all physiological systems, the immune system is under the control of the neuro-endocrine system and interacts and works in concert with other regulatory body systems, thus immune cells respond to neuroendocrine signals through specific receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Therefore, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by chronic stress situations necessarily lead to a dysregulation of the immune function. Thus, inflammation is a characteristic process of the immune system, considered a defense response that is induced by infection or trauma. However, inflammation may also be induced by stress and tissue dysfunction in the absence of infection, there is a close relationship between body homeostasis, stress response and inflammation, since inflammation has both a component response to stress as a component defense response. Inflammation and FibromyalgiaIn 2001, Wallace et al. [10] were the first to suggest that inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, could play a role in fibromyalgia. Prior results...

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Immune Consequences of Early Life Stress: Relationship to Chronic Pain Syndromes

Carpenter

Gawuga

2012

Pain in Women

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Pathophysiology of fibromyalgia

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome

Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome

Altered Inflammatory Mediators in Fibromyalgia

Immune Consequences of Early Life Stress: Relationship to Chronic Pain Syndromes

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