Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Paris, Shere; Souza, Rhonda F.

doi:10.1002/9781119599692.ch22

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The human esophagus is lined by a moist, partially keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, one important property of which is to serve as a barrier between the outside (luminal) world and the internal world of the organisms (57). Knowledge about the nature of the intracellular junctional complex in esophageal epithelium is limited, though there are data to suggest that it is composed of both tight junctions and an intercellular "cement", the latter depending on species comprised of either lipid or mucinous material (56). Tight junctions act as a barrier to molecules passing between the cells from lumen to blood and vice versa.…”

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tight junctions act as a barrier to molecules passing between the cells from lumen to blood and vice versa. Tight junctions, however, are neither impermeable nor equally permeable to all ions, and they are generally more permeable to cations than anions (56). However, as H+ enters the junction, it can titrate the negatively charged ions and so change its selective permeability from cationselective to anion-selective (56).…”

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tight junctions, however, are neither impermeable nor equally permeable to all ions, and they are generally more permeable to cations than anions (56). However, as H+ enters the junction, it can titrate the negatively charged ions and so change its selective permeability from cationselective to anion-selective (56). The protective mechanisms of esophageal mucosa operate within the preepithelial, epithelial, and post-epithelial compartments.…”

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The esophageal mucosal resistance is determined by different factors (Table 3). The innermost layer or the pre-epithelial defense layer provides some mechanical protection, but little or no effective barrier to H+penetration (56). The human esophagus is lined by a moist, partially keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, one important property of which is to serve as a barrier between the outside (luminal) world and the internal world of the organisms (57).…”

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Vandenplas,

Hassall

2002

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Gastroesophageal reflux is a physiological phenomenon, occurring with different severity and duration in different individuals. Reflux disease occurs when this normal event results in the occurrence of symptoms/signs or complications. The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux is complex and diverse, since it is influenced by factors that are genetic, environmental (e.g., diet smoking), anatomic, hormonal, and neurogenic. However, many mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the physiology of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters, and of gastric motility. The afferent and efferent neural pathways and neuropharmacologic mediators of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and gastric dysmotility require further study. The role of anatomic malformations such as hiatal hernia in children has been underestimated.While therapeutic possibilities are greater in number and largely improved, the outcomes of some treatments are far from satisfactory in many cases. In addition to development of new forms of treatment, research should address better use of currently available medical and surgical treatments.

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Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esophageal Mucosal Resistance and Development Of Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Vandenplas,

Hassall

2002

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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The Interrelation Between Esophagitis and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Literature Review

Melo,

Barroso,

Sousa

et al. 2024

Rev. Foco

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Esophagitis is characterized by irritation and inflammation of the esophagus, caused by several factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux, radiation, infections, medications and eosinophilic esophagitis. Its symptoms include chest pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, throat clearing, heartburn, dry cough and manifestations related to gastroesophageal reflux. And its pathophysiology involves lesions in the esophageal mucosa due to the abnormal and frequent increase in gastric acid. With regard to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), it is a toxic gaseous compound with an odor similar to rotten eggs, it performs essential physiological functions, stabilizing mucus, preventing injuries and strengthening gastrointestinal defense mechanisms by stimulating the secretion of bicarbonate in the duodenum. . The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between hydrogen sulfide and esophagitis. Therefore, this integrative review covered original articles in Portuguese and English, published from 2003 to 2022, in the VHL, SciELO and PUBMED databases. Using descriptors such as “esophagitis,” “gastrointestinal,” and “hydrogen sulfide,” the research followed strict inclusion criteria to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between esophagitis, gastrointestinal health, and hydrogen sulfide. As for the results and discussions, they highlight the relationship between H2S and esophagitis, exploring its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function by protecting cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) and contributing to quenching reactive oxygen species and promoting the resolution of inflammation. mainly how it interferes with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-8 and TNFα, in addition to maintaining or increasing the production of IL-10. Through the results obtained, it can be concluded that esophagitis has an intimate relationship with the modulation of hydrogen sulfide levels in the human body, particularly in the context of the H2S/CSE/HIF-2α axis and that they should be better studied in order to promote the development of H2S-based drugs to treat inflammatory processes, including esophagitis, which have the potential to significantly improve the well-being and quality of life of the population.

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Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 107 publications

Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The Interrelation Between Esophagitis and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Literature Review

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