Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview

Thoreson, Rebecca; Cullen, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/j.suc.2007.03.001

Cited by 124 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…IBDs are broadly categorized into two subtypes among which Crohn disease (CD) represents the most severe form of the pathogenesis (6,7). Notably, NOD2 is one of the first genes to be linked to IBD susceptibility, and more than 60 NOD2 genetic variants are reported to be associated with CD (8).…”

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd) Is a Debilitating Chronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intriguingly, the pathology of IBDs is a result of the complex association between genetic and environmental factors that lead to exaggerated inflammatory immune responses and the destruction of intestinal mucosa (7). The knowledge of cellular programming in initiation, development, and manifestation of IBDs is insufficiently understood.…”

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd) Is a Debilitating Chronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOD2-Nitric Oxide-responsive MicroRNA-146a Activates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling to Orchestrate Inflammatory Responses in Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ghorpade

Sinha

Holla

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Genetic variants of NOD2 are linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) etiology. Results: DSS model of colitis in wild-type and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) null mice revealed that NOD2-iNOS/ NO-responsive microRNA-146a targets NUMB gene facilitating Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Conclusion: miR-146a-mediated NOD2-SHH signaling regulates gut inflammation. Significance: Identification of novel regulators of IBD provides new insights into pathophysiology and development of new therapy concepts.

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Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd) Is a Debilitating Chronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd) Is a Debilitating Chronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOD2-Nitric Oxide-responsive MicroRNA-146a Activates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling to Orchestrate Inflammatory Responses in Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ghorpade

Sinha

Holla

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Genetically, microbic, immunologic, environmental, vascular and psychosocial factors, smoking, oral contraceptives, non-steroid anti-inflammatory medications were blamed. Patients may have a tendency to an inheritance of an aberrant immunologic response caused by one or more of these provocative factors [3]. It is most frequent at the ages 15 -30 and 60 -70 and it is bimodal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen: Coexistence of Acute Crohn’s Disease and Gastric Perforation

Erol¹,

Uğurlu²,

Ünver³

et al. 2014

J Curr Surg

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Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease with the characteristics of idiopathic, granulomatous inflammation which affects any area along the gastrointestinal system from the anus to the oral cavity. We present here an unusual case of a 25-year-old male patient, who consulted us because of abdominal pain for 2 days. The computer tomography showed free fluid at the pelvis, acute appendicitis findings and mural thickening of the terminal ileum, secondary to the appendicitis, were reported, and during the examination together with the acute abdomen findings it was decided to perform surgery on the patient. During surgery free fluid extensive inside the abdomen, at the terminal ileum indigenous for the inflammatory appearance of CD and a perforation of approximately 0.5 cm at the front face of the gastric pylorus, were seen. After the perforation at the stomach was primarily sutured and the inner abdomen was irrigated with physiological saline solution, so the surgery was brought to an end. After postsurgical antibiotherapy and hydration support, the patient was discharged and improved on the seventh day after surgery. Although CD is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal system, it is able to imitate the inner abdominal pathologies during an acute attack (acute appendicitis, hollow organ perforation, etc.). On patients with acute abdomen findings, where the CD diagnosis is not known, a laparotomy must be performed when a differential diagnosis of the inner abdominal pathologies cannot be made radiologically. As it is in this case, even if ileitis due to CD is determined during laparatomy, all inner abdominal organs must be explored carefully, and it should be kept in mind that the other organ pathologies can occur together. In this case the aim was to analyze the association of gastric perforation and acute CD at the terminal ileum of a patient with acute abdomen, where the diagnosis of CD is not known.

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“…Clinical patterns include combined small and large intestinal pattern (26% to 48%), small intestine only pattern (11% to 48%) and colon only pattern (19% to 51%) (Munkholm & Binder, 2004). Involvement of terminal ileum and colon is the most common pattern (55%), while involvement of mouth, oesophagus, stomach and duodenum, is uncommon and rarely occurs without concurrent disease activity in the small bowel and/or colon (Thoreson & Cullen, 2007). Patients with small bowel CD commonly present with an acute symptomatic picture, characterized by abdominal cramps, diarrohea, malaise and loss of weight that is primarily managed using steroids, immunomodulators (Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate) or biological therapy (anti-TNF agents) (Travis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Small Bowel Crohn's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%