Pathophysiology of itching in urticaria and atopic dermatitis

Wahlgren, C F

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb05091.x

Cited by 82 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…An impairment of growth pattern has been recognized as complication of AD in childhood, [2][3][4][5][6] but it is unknown when it begins. Moreover, it has been shown that the early type of feeding can influence the growth of healthy infants during the first year of life, 7 but in AD infants, this factor has been investigated only within a BF group in relation to the effects of discontinuing breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Different factors, such as therapeutic elimination diets, use of corticosterids, coexisting asthma, sleep disturbances, impaired growth hormone release, and a poor use or loss of nutrients caused by sustained allergic inflammation might negatively influence the growth pattern of AD children, although the primary cause has not been definitely identified yet. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The infant's growth pattern in the first months of life may be particularly relevant, because it may be associated with later health outcome. 8 Studies have found different growth patterns in breastfed (BF) and non-BF healthy infants through the first year of life.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth Pattern of Breastfed and Nonbreastfed Infants With Atopic Dermatitis in the First Year of Life

et al. 2000

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ABSTRACT. Objective. The growth of infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated based on the early type of feeding. The aim of this study was to assess the growth pattern of AD infants during the first 12 months of life in comparison to healthy infants, according to the early type of feeding (breastfed or nonbreastfed).Methods. Fifty-five term AD infants (36 breastfed and 19 nonbreastfed) and 114 term healthy infants (58 breastfed and 56 nonbreastfed) were evaluated by standardized growth indices (z scores; National Center for Health Statistics-World Health Organization data) through the first 12 months of life.Results. No difference was found between AD and healthy groups at birth. In AD infants, weight (WA) and length (LA) z scores decreased with age and were significantly lower, compared with healthy infants from the second month of age onward. The difference of mean z scores between AD and healthy infants at 12 months of age was ؊.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: ؊1.00 to ؊.38) for WA and ؊.67 (95% CI: ؊.98 to ؊.36) for LA. The growth pattern of AD infants was not influenced by the early type of feeding, whereas in the 6-to 12-month period, the delay in growth was more pronounced in patients with more severe dermatitis.Conclusions. In the first year of life, AD infants show a progressive impairment in growth irrespective of the early type of feeding. The severity of disease may be an independent factor negatively influencing growth. Pediatrics 2000;106(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/106/5/e73; atopic dermatitis, breastfeeding, food allergy, formula-feeding, infant growth.ABBREVIATIONS. AD, atopic dermatitis; BF, breastfed; SD, standard deviation; WA, weight for age; LA, length for age; SCORAD, severity scoring of atopic dermatitis; CI, confidence interval; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Growth Pattern of Breastfed and Nonbreastfed Infants With Atopic Dermatitis in the First Year of Life

et al. 2000

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“…This unpleasant sensation stimulates scratching of the lesioned skin, thus worsening the lesions. 3) In the treatment of atopic dermatitis, anti-histamine and anti-allergy drugs are generally used, but they do not allay a severe itching sensation in atopic dermatitis. 4,5) Corticosteroid is also used as external medicine to relieve cutaneous pruritics, but it has many adverse effects including skin atrophy, rosacea, acne, purpura and so on 6) ; therefore, it is worth developing new treatment drugs besides the generally used medicines.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Moutan Cortex on Immediate Allergic Reactions

Jiang

Nakano

Yatsuzuka

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy and asthma are classified as type I allergy. Atopic dermatitis is a common disorder in the population, and recent studies have shown that the disease is increasing, its prevalence increasing by 2-to 3-fold during the past three decades in industrialized countries, 1) and the reported prevalence among children up to the age of 16 ranges between 15% and 30% in Europe. 2)Atopic dermatitis is a condition manifesting eczema, serous papules, scaling and crust and in severe cases, erosion of the affected skin. Itching, a sensation causing the urge to scratch, is the most significant outcome of atopic dermatitis. This unpleasant sensation stimulates scratching of the lesioned skin, thus worsening the lesions.3) In the treatment of atopic dermatitis, anti-histamine and anti-allergy drugs are generally used, but they do not allay a severe itching sensation in atopic dermatitis. 4,5) Corticosteroid is also used as external medicine to relieve cutaneous pruritics, but it has many adverse effects including skin atrophy, rosacea, acne, purpura and so on 6) ; therefore, it is worth developing new treatment drugs besides the generally used medicines.Traditional Chinese medicines have a long history dating back several thousands of years. There are many herb medicines which have been applied to cutaneous disease and some traditional Chinese herbal medicines are prescribed for dermatitis.7) Among these, Moutan Cortex, the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS, is a widely used drug for cutaneous disease in traditional Chinese medicine. 8,9) In association with this, Moutan Cortex is effective in cardiovascular and female genital disease. 10,11) In addition, Moutan Cortex has been described to show analgesic, sedative, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties 12) ; however, we have as yet very little information as to whether Moutan Cortex is effective in experimental allergy models.In the present study, therefore, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract from Moutan Cortex on experimental immediate allergic reactions both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsFemale ICR mice (6-10 weeks old) and male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were obtained from Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan. The animals were housed in an airconditioned room maintained at 24Ϯ2°C with a relative humidity of 55Ϯ15%. They were given standard laboratory rodent food chow (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo) and water ad libitum. All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experiments at Okayama University Advanced Science Research Center. Chemicals and ReagentsThe following reagents were used in this study and their sources are shown in parentheses: histamine dihydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.), compound 48/80 (Sigma) and Evans blue (Wako, Tokyo, Japan). Compound 48/80 and histamine were dissolved in physiological saline and administered intradermally. The drugs used were azelastine hydrochloride (Sigma), ketotifen fumarate (Sigma)...

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“…108,109 Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin disorder characterized by allergic symptoms such as redness, flaking, and itching. 110 In AD, there is a dysfunction of the SC that results in excessive transepidermal water losses (TEWL) and infiltration of allergens into the skin.…”

Section: Preclinical Applications As Antiscarring Anti-atopic Dermatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly deformable and highly fluid vesicles as potential drug delivery systems: theoretical and practical considerations

Romero¹,

Morilla²

2013

IJN

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Vesicles that are specifically designed to overcome the stratum corneum barrier in intact skin provide an efficient transdermal (systemic or local) drug delivery system. They can be classified into two main groups according to the mechanisms underlying their skin interaction. The first group comprises those possessing highly deformable bilayers, achieved by incorporating edge activators to the bilayers or by mixing with certain hydrophilic solutes. The vesicles of this group act as drug carriers that penetrate across hydrophilic pathways of the intact skin. The second group comprises those possessing highly fluid bilayers, owing to the presence of permeation enhancers. The vesicles of this group can act as carriers of drugs that permeate the skin after the barrier of the stratum corneum is altered because of synergistic action with the permeation enhancers contained in the vesicle structure. We have included a detailed overview of the different mechanisms of skin interaction and discussed the most promising preclinical applications of the last five years of Transfersomes ® (IDEA AG, Munich, Germany), ethosomes, and invasomes as carriers of antitumoral and anti-inflammatory drugs applied by the topical route.

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Pathophysiology of itching in urticaria and atopic dermatitis

Cited by 82 publications

References 110 publications

Growth Pattern of Breastfed and Nonbreastfed Infants With Atopic Dermatitis in the First Year of Life

Growth Pattern of Breastfed and Nonbreastfed Infants With Atopic Dermatitis in the First Year of Life

Inhibitory Effects of Moutan Cortex on Immediate Allergic Reactions

Highly deformable and highly fluid vesicles as potential drug delivery systems: theoretical and practical considerations

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