Pathophysiology of Motor Speech Disorders (Dysarthria)

Hirose, Hajime

doi:10.1159/000265824

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, the tendency for greater transition extents in speakers with ALS, as compared to normal speakers and speakers with PD, may not predict the reduction implied by the 'target' measurements made here where a single point in time is chosen to represent vowel articulation. Although the transition extents of ALS speakers are as large or larger than normal, the transitions themselves (and by inference, the underlying movements) occur slowly [38] and may result in a 'target' occurrence that appears to be reduced because of the slowness. In addition, the fixed-point-in-time target measurement assumes that the same articulatory event is captured for different groups of speakers, but varying patterns of coarticulation across dysarthric and normal groups [39] and different degrees of slowness may make this a poor assumption.…”

Section: Acoustic Vowel Space Area and Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The articulatory evidence for reduction in speakers with ALS is somewhat more limited and inconsistent than the evidence reviewed above for PD. For example, movement data from a single Japanesespeaking patient with ALS indicated reduced tongue displacements but greater than normal jaw displacements for various kinds of utterances [38]. Acoustic data [13] show that transition extents in ALS are often greater than those in neurologically normal speakers, the inference being that the underlying change in vocal tract configuration is more extensive for these speakers.…”

Section: Acoustic Vowel Space Area and Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acoustic and Intelligibility Characteristics of Sentence Production in Neurogenic Speech Disorders

Weismer

Jeng²,

Laures³

et al. 2000

Folia Phoniatr Logop

282

219

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between scaled speech intelligibility and selected acoustic variables in persons with dysarthria. Control speakers and speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) produced sentences which were analyzed acoustically and perceptually. The acoustic variables included total utterance durations, segment durations, estimates of the acoustic vowel space, and slopes of formant transitions; the perceptual variables included scaled speech intelligibility and severity of speech involvement. Results indicated that the temporal variables typically differentiated the ALS group, but not the PD group, from the controls, and that vowel spaces were smaller for both neurogenic groups as compared to controls, but only significantly so for the ALS speakers. The relation of these acoustic measures to scaled speech intelligibility is shown to be complex, and the composite results are discussed in terms of sentence vs. single-word intelligibility estimates and their underlying acoustic bases.

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Section: Acoustic Vowel Space Area and Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Acoustic Vowel Space Area and Perceptual Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic and Intelligibility Characteristics of Sentence Production in Neurogenic Speech Disorders

Weismer

Jeng²,

Laures³

et al. 2000

Folia Phoniatr Logop

282

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22,30 Peak movement velocities and amplitudes of the lips and jaw also tend to be reduced during speech production for persons with PD. [31][32][33] Acoustically, reduced movement displacements and velocities of the oral articulators are evidenced by reduced vowel formant transition extents and slopes, a collapsed vowel acoustic working space, and a trend toward reduced consonant spectral distinctiveness. 34,35 Speech rate characteristics as well as dysfluency in PD also deserve comment.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Dysarthria In Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Speech and Swallowing in Parkinson's Disease

Tjaden¹

2008

Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation

137

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Dysarthria and dysphagia occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). Reduced speech intelligibility is a significant functional limitation of dysarthria, and in the case of PD is likely related articulatory and phonatory impairment. Prosodically-based treatments show the most promise for addressing these deficits as well as for maximizing speech intelligibility. Communication-oriented strategies also may help to enhance mutual understanding between a speaker and listener. Dysphagia in PD can result in serious health issues, including aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. Early identification of swallowing abnormalities is critical so as to minimize the impact of dysphagia on health status and quality of life. Feeding modifications, compensatory strategies, and therapeutic swallowing techniques all have a role in the management of dysphagia in PD.

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“…Although ALS is a progressive disease, it may be highly beneficial to improve intelligibility and quality of speech, especially for the patients with slowly progressive course and with fewer disabilities. The patho-physiological features of speech disorder of the patient with ALS were reported as the result of reduced range and velocity of articulatory movement and slowing in the rate of speech synthesis (Darley 1975;Hirose 1986;Duffy 2005). These features of speech disorder are worsened by the progression of respiratory dysfunction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited range of articulatory movement, including velopharyngeal closure and lingual muscle activities could lead to hypernasality, vowel distortion, and imprecise weak articulation during speech. Slow rate of speech synthesis consists of abnormally slow segment and sentence duration with prolonged phonemes, prolonged interval, and inappropriate silence (Darley 1975;Hirose 1986;Duffy 2005). These elements of speech disorder will progress along with the progression of ALS within an average of two or three years in many cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Improvement of Speech Disorder Caused by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Saigusa

Yamaguchi

Nakamura

et al. 2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive debilitating neurological disease. ALS disturbs the quality of life by affecting speech, swallowing and free mobility of the arms without affecting intellectual function. It is therefore of significance to improve intelligibility and quality of speech sounds, especially for ALS patients with slowly progressive courses. Currently, however, there is no effective or established approach to improve speech disorder caused by ALS. We investigated a surgical procedure to improve speech disorder for some patients with neuromuscular diseases with velopharyngeal closure incompetence. In this study, we performed the surgical procedure for two patients suffering from severe speech disorder caused by slowly progressing ALS. The patients suffered from speech disorder with hypernasality and imprecise and weak articulation during a 6-year course (patient 1) and a 3-year course (patient 2) of slowly progressing ALS. We narrowed bilateral lateral palatopharyngeal wall at velopharyngeal port, and performed this surgery under general anesthesia without muscle relaxant for the two patients. Postoperatively, intelligibility and quality of their speech sounds were greatly improved within one month without any speech therapy. The patients were also able to generate longer speech phrases after the surgery. Importantly, there was no serious complication during or after the surgery. In summary, we performed bilateral narrowing of lateral palatopharyngeal wall as a speech surgery for two patients suffering from severe speech disorder associated with ALS. With this technique, improved intelligibility and quality of speech can be maintained for longer duration for the patients with slowly progressing ALS.

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Pathophysiology of Motor Speech Disorders (Dysarthria)

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Acoustic and Intelligibility Characteristics of Sentence Production in Neurogenic Speech Disorders

Acoustic and Intelligibility Characteristics of Sentence Production in Neurogenic Speech Disorders

Speech and Swallowing in Parkinson's Disease

Surgical Improvement of Speech Disorder Caused by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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