Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Injuries

Herrington, Lee; Comfort, Paul

doi:10.1002/9781118685150.ch4

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In our early animal experience creating the anterior web under microlaryngoscopy, absorbable sutures held the vocal folds about 3 to 4 weeks but were insufficient to maintain tight shortening of the vocal fold muscle. The muscle repair and remodeling phase requires 3 to 6 months . Therefore, this technique did not alter vocal fold muscle tension or mass because the absorbable suture material dissolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Conceptual Approach for Voice Feminization: 12 Years of Experience

Kim¹

2016

The Laryngoscope

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Conceptual Approach for Voice Feminization: 12 Years of Experience

Kim¹

2016

The Laryngoscope

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“…In addition to a recent history of excessive exercise and clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings such as elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobinuria confirm the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. 2 The standards of care for rhabdomyolysis include urine alkalization, aggressive intravenous fluids, and in some cases, short-term dialysis. 3 In addition to the known link between excessive exercise and rhabdomyolysis, rehabilitation specialists have recently been interested in the risk of developing rhabdomyolysis from statin medications (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors [HMG-CoA]).…”

Section: Ré Sumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: A Comprehensive Review of Case Reports

Mendes¹,

Robles²,

Mathur

2014

Physiotherapy Canada

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Purpose: To identify case reports of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis and summarize common predisposing factors, symptoms, diagnostic findings, functional outcomes, characteristics, treatment, and rehabilitation. Method: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PEDro databases were searched for relevant case reports using the search terms ''Statins,'' ''Rhabdomyolysis,'' ''Myalgia,'' ''Muscle damage,'' ''Muscle injury,'' and ''Myopathy.'' Relevance (based on title and abstract) was assessed by one investigator; two investigators independently reviewed the relevant articles to determine inclusion in the review. Results: A total of 112 cases met the inclusion criteria. The majority were in men (70%) and people over 45 years of age (mean 64 [SD 14] years). Simvastatin was the most commonly reported statin (n ¼ 55); the majority of cases reported the use of concomitant medications such as fibrates (n ¼ 25). Weakness (n ¼ 65) and muscle pain (n ¼ 64) were the most common symptoms. In 19 cases, the patient was referred to rehabilitation, but the case reports do not include descriptions of the treatment. Conclusion: Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis was more commonly reported when statins were used in conjunction with other drugs, which potentiated its effect. Research is needed to identify the role of exercise and rehabilitation following statin-induced rhabdomyoloysis since muscle damage may be severe and may have long-term effects on muscle function.Key Words: HMG-CoA; muscular diseases; rhabdomyolysis; statins. RÉ SUMÉObjectif : Trouver des rapports de cas portant sur la rhabdomyolyse provoqué e par les statines et ré sumer les facteurs pré disposants communs, les symptô mes, les ré sultats diagnostiques, les ré sultats fonctionnels, les caracté ristiques, le traitement et la ré adaptation. Mé thodes : On a cherché dans les bases de donné es MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS et PEDro (1990PEDro ( -2013 des rapports de cas pertinents en utilisant les termes de recherche Statins, Rhabdomyolysis, Myalgia, Muscle damage, Muscle injury et Myopathy. Un chercheur en a é valué la pertinence (en fonction du titre et du ré sumé ) et deux autres ont revu indé pendamment les articles pertinents pour dé terminer s'il fallait les inclure dans la recherche. Ré sultats : Au total, 112 cas ré pondaient aux critè res d'inclusion. La majorité des cas portaient sur des hommes (70 %) et les plus de 45 ans (â ge moyen de 64 [ET 14] ans). La simvastatine a é té la statine incriminé e le plus souvent dans les rapports (n ¼ 55), la majorité des cas signalant l'utilisation simultané e de mé dicaments comme des fibrates (n ¼ 25). La faiblesse (n ¼ 65) et les douleurs musculaires (n ¼ 64) é taient les symptô mes les plus courants. Dans 19 cas, le patient a é té aiguillé vers la ré adaptation, mais les rapports ne dé crivent pas le traitement. Conclusion : On a signalé une rhabdomyolyse causé e par les statines plus souvent lorsqu'elles é taient conjugué es à d'autres mé dicaments, ce qui en a accentué l'effet. Des recherches s'imposent pour dé terminer le rô le ...

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“…Optimal recovery is influenced by the type of muscle, severity of injury, and the nature of treatment. In most cases, muscle damage follows 3 phases: destruction, inflammation, and repair and remodeling (6, 7). Effective regeneration of single muscle fibers or the complete muscle occurs via activation and proliferation of satellite cells (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Disruption of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived‐2)‐like 2 antioxidant signaling: a mechanism for impaired activation of stem cells and delayed regeneration of skeletal muscle

et al. 2016

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Recently we have reported that age-dependent decline in antioxidant levels accelerated apoptosis and skeletal muscle degeneration. Here, we demonstrate genetic ablation of the master cytoprotective transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2), aggravates cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced tibialis anterior (TA) muscle damage. Disruption of Nrf2 signaling sustained the CTX-induced burden of reactive oxygen species together with compromised expression of antioxidant genes and proteins. Transcript/protein expression of phenotypic markers of muscle differentiation, namely paired box 7 (satellite cell) and early myogenic differentiation and terminal differentiation (myogenin and myosin heavy chain 2) were increased on d 2 and 4 postinjury but later returned to baseline levels on d 8 and 15 in wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, these responses were persistently augmented in Nrf2-null mice suggesting that regulation of the regeneration-related signaling mechanisms require Nrf2 for normal functioning. Furthermore, Nrf2-null mice displayed slower regeneration marked by dysregulation of embryonic myosin heavy chain temporal expression. Histologic observations illustrated that Nrf2-null mice displayed smaller, immature TA muscle fibers compared with WT counterparts on d 15 after CTX injury. Improvement in TA muscle morphology and gain in muscle mass evident in the WT mice was not noticeable in the Nrf2-null animals. Taken together these data show that the satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation requires a functional Nrf2 system for effective healing following injury.-Shelar, S. B., Narasimhan, M., Shanmugam, G., Litovsky, S. H., Gounder, S. S., Karan, G., Arulvasu, C., Kensler, T. W., Hoidal, J. R., Darley-Usmar, V. M., Rajasekaran, N. S. Disruption of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 antioxidant signaling: a mechanism for impaired activation of stem cells and delayed regeneration of skeletal muscle.

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Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Injuries

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

A New Conceptual Approach for Voice Feminization: 12 Years of Experience

A New Conceptual Approach for Voice Feminization: 12 Years of Experience

Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: A Comprehensive Review of Case Reports

Disruption of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived‐2)‐like 2 antioxidant signaling: a mechanism for impaired activation of stem cells and delayed regeneration of skeletal muscle

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