Pathophysiology of the periparturient egg rise in sheep: a possible role for IgA

Jeffcoate, I.A.; Wędrychowicz, H.; Fishwick, G.; Dunlop, E.M.; Duncan, J.L.; Holmes, P.H.

doi:10.1016/0034-5288(92)90112-f

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the absence of relaxation in immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta in barren ewes with an induced milk production through artificially raised plasma prolactin concentrations led to the suggestion that a primary role of prolactin in PPRI seemed unlikely (20). It has also been observed that PPRI concurred with increases in plasma IgA (21). This increase occurs at times when IgA is transported away from the gut into the milk, which could thus potentially lead to a reduced level of local immunity, giving rise to PPRI (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has also been observed that PPRI concurred with increases in plasma IgA (21). This increase occurs at times when IgA is transported away from the gut into the milk, which could thus potentially lead to a reduced level of local immunity, giving rise to PPRI (21). However, such causative relation between IgA and PPRI would only hold if reduced local IgA level is the main reason for PPRI and if local IgA synthesis is actually reduced in lactating ewes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Houdijk¹

2008

Parasite Immunology

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Periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematode parasites may have a nutritional basis, as the increasing nutrient demand at times of nutrient scarcity during late pregnancy and subsequent lactation may result in a penalty on expression of acquired immunity to parasites. This nutritional basis implies that lowering nutritional demand, at constant nutrient supply, should reduce the degree of PPRI. Evidence to support the latter is reviewed through exploration of the effects of reproductive effort on periparturient resistance to parasites. A large body of evidence shows that a lower nutritional demand arising from rearing single rather than multiple lambs and/or kids consistently reduces the degree of PPRI in small ruminants, as manifested by reduced worm burdens and/or nematode egg excretions. Such variation in reproductive effort may also account, at least to some extent, for the often observed between-breed differences in PPRI, which may arise from differences in production potential, and thus nutritional demand. A reduction in nutrient demand can reduce the degree of PPRI in a matter of days. However, host immune responses associated with this nutritional sensitivity of host resistance remain to be elucidated, which may be achieved through a recently established periparturient rodent model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Houdijk¹

2008

Parasite Immunology

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“…Nematode infections in grazing sheep depress feed intake [13], lamb growth [3,12,18], wool growth [2] sheep and lamb survival and ewe fertility [6,15]. However, the reproductive experiments referred to lambing rate, lamb birth weight, lamb survival and peri-parturient rise in faecal egg counts in ewes [8,10,17,19]. Few studies have investigated whether the various steps associated with either follicle development or the shedding of viable ova is affected by exposure of the ewe to a nematode challenge [7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on ovulation rate of merino Booroola heterozygote ewes (Fec^BFec⁺)

Fernandez-Abella¹,

Hernández

Villegas³

2006

Anim. Res.

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Twenty-five multiparous Merino ewes, each carrying one copy of the Booroola gene (Fec B Fec +), were divided into two experimental groups (Control, n = 13 and Challenged, n = 12). The treatments were applied in the autumn between 14 March and 21 May. The sheep in the Control group were dosed orally twice-weekly with 10 mL water, and dosed with Levamisole every 14 days. Each sheep in the Challenged group was dosed orally twice-weekly with 6000 nematode larvae in 10 mL water. Challenged sheep shed more eggs per gram of faeces, lost live weight (40 vs. 38.2) and lost body condition score (3.5 vs. 3.0 condition score) during the study compared with the Control sheep. While live weight, body condition and the number of developing follicles all decreased in association with a nematode larval challenge, the proportion of developing follicles which formed a corpora lutea were unaffected. Thus a larval challenge during joining with nematode larvae at doses comparable to those encountered under field conditions can be expected to affect subsequent lambing performance.

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“…A similar rise in titres observed in ewes around parturition during infection with T. circumcincta (Jeffcoate et al, 1992) was attributed to either 'a general increase in IgA in preparation for lactation. .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The effect of vaccinating infection during pregnancy and dietary protein supply on the peri-parturient immune response of sheep to infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae

Sykes

Xie

Stankiewicz

et al. 2007

Animal

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It is well established that dietary protein supply can influence the peri-parturient breakdown of immunity to nematode parasites but there is no information on the importance of exposure to nematode larvae during pregnancy for this response. We investigated this by exposing housed pregnant sheep, scanned as carrying two lambs, to a vaccinating infection with a trickle mixed infection of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae (L3) or to no infection during weeks 29 to 24 relative to parturition. At the beginning of week 23 all sheep were treated with anthelmintic to remove any vaccinating worm burden and from week 22 to week þ6 received a trickle challenge infection with the same nematodes. Within each vaccinating treatment there were two nutritional treatments (no. ¼ 20 per subgroup) designed to provide 1.5 or 1.0 and 1.3 or 0.8 of metabolisable protein (MP) requirement during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Five ewes were necropsied during weeks þ1 and þ3 to measure worm burdens and mucosal inflammatory cells and the remainder maintained until week þ6. Serum levels of total, IgA and IgE antibodies against L3 antigen of each nematode were measured.Scanning errors and lamb losses resulted in some ewes carrying and/or rearing only one lamb. Numbers of lambs reared was therefore introduced as a treatment effect. Vaccinating infection delayed the peri-parturient rise in faecal egg count (FEC) by an average of 2 weeks but its effect on FEC during the first 6 weeks of lactation was smaller and less persistent than that of dietary MP supply and single-v. twin-suckling.Populations of both nematodes were lower in association with high MP supply, vaccination and single suckling. These changes were associated with increases in numbers of mucosal mast cells (MMC) as a result of both increased MP supply and vaccination. Evidence for a more rapid return of host ability to limit populations of the abdominal nematode T. circumcincta than of the intestinal nematode T. colubriformis was associated with fewer eosinophils and more globule leucocytes (GL) in abomasal than in intestinal tissue.None of the serum antibody isotypes was affected by dietary protein supply. Total and IgA antibodies were maintained by a current larval (vaccinating) intake. IgA titres, however, increased progressively during pregnancy, especially in twin-bearing ewes. IgE titres appeared to be sensitive primarily to the reproductive cycle itself, peaking around parturition.This work supports the conclusion that availability of MP supply influences the recruitment and activity of cells of the immune armoury of the gastro-intestinal tract to nematode parasites. The precise outcome may differ with site and/or nematode species.

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Pathophysiology of the periparturient egg rise in sheep: a possible role for IgA

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on ovulation rate of merino Booroola heterozygote ewes (Fec^BFec⁺)

The effect of vaccinating infection during pregnancy and dietary protein supply on the peri-parturient immune response of sheep to infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae

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Pathophysiology of the periparturient egg rise in sheep: a possible role for IgA

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Influence of periparturient nutritional demand on resistance to parasites in livestock

Effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on ovulation rate of merino Booroola heterozygote ewes (FecBFec+)

The effect of vaccinating infection during pregnancy and dietary protein supply on the peri-parturient immune response of sheep to infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae

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Effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on ovulation rate of merino Booroola heterozygote ewes (Fec^BFec⁺)