Pathways between under/unemployment and health among racialized immigrant women in Toronto

Premji, Stéphanie; Shakya, Yogendra

doi:10.1080/13557858.2016.1180347

Cited by 56 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our study contributes to the small body of empirical research that has addressed the relationship between precarious employment and geographical mobility (Bohle et al, 2004;Zeitinoglu et al, 2004;MacDonald, 2009;Access Alliance Multicultural Health, 2011;Wilson et al, 2011;Fitzpatrick and Neis, 2015;Premji and Shakya, 2016), and to the growing number of studies that have looked at how changes in the nature of employment is necessitating increased mobility from workers (Newhook et al, 2011;Haan et al, 2014). To our knowledge, ours is one of only two empirical studies that have specifically focused on the multiple and complex ways in which precarious employment impacts daily commutes (Fitzpatrick and Neis, 2015), and the only one to have done so in an urban context.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This research brought to light the pervasiveness of precarious employment and its wide-ranging negative impacts for workers, families and communities (Wilson et al, 2011;Access Alliance Multicultural Health, 2012;Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services, 2012). The study we describe builds on results from this body of research that have pointed to the important role of mobility (Access Alliance Multicultural Health, 2011; Premji and Shakya, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As MacDonald (2009) has argued, precarious employment has an inherent spatial dimension. This dimension has been highlighted, to a limited extent, in studies conducted among precariously-employed workers, which found that holding multiple jobs or working in split-shifts, at night or in varying locations, increased commuting time and transportation expenses and resulted in unsafe journeys to and from work (Bohle et al, 2004;Zeitinoglu et al, 2004;Fitzpatrick and Neis, 2015;Premji and Shakya, 2016). Dimensions of mobility have also been incorporated in conceptual models of the impacts of precarious employment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes

Premji

2017

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Precarious employment is on the rise in Canada, increasing by nearly 50% in the last two decades. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which it can impact upon geographical mobility. Employment-related geographical mobility refers to mobility to, from and between workplaces, as well as mobility as part of work. We report on a qualitative study conducted among 27 immigrant men and women in Toronto that investigates the relationship between precarious employment and daily commutes while exploring the ways in which gender, class and migration structure this relationship.Interview data reveal that participants were largely unable to work where they lived or live where they worked. Their precarious jobs were characterized by conditions that resulted in long, complex, unfamiliar, unsafe and expensive commutes. These commuting difficulties, in turn, resulted in participants having to refuse or quit jobs, including desirable jobs, or being unable to engage in labour market strategies that could improve their employment conditions (e.g. taking courses, volunteering, etc.). Participants’ commuting difficulties were amplified by the delays, infrequency, unavailability and high cost of public transportation. These dynamics disproportionately and/or differentially impacted certain groups of workers.Precarious work has led to workers having to absorb an ever-growing share of the costs associated with their employment, underscored in our study as time, effort and money spent travelling to and from work. We discuss the forces that underlie the spatial patterning of work and workers in Toronto, namely the growing income gap and the increased polarization among neighbourhoods that has resulted in low-income immigrants increasingly moving from the centre to the edges of the city. We propose policy recommendations for public transportation, employment, housing and child care that can help alleviate some of the difficulties described.L’emploi précaire poursuit sa croissance au Canada, augmentant de près de 50% au cours des deux dernières décennies. Toutefois, nous connaissons mal les mécanismes par lesquels cette forme d’organisation du travail peut influer sur la mobilité géographique des travailleurs. La mobilité géographique liée à l’emploi renvoie ici aux divers déplacements que doivent effectuer les travailleurs depuis et entre les lieux de travail, ainsi que les déplacements intrinsèques à l’exercice de l’emploi lui-même. Les résultats qui suivent proviennent d’une étude qualitative effectuée auprès de 27 hommes et femmes immigrants vivant à Toronto, étude qui s’est attardée à la relation entre l’emploi précaire et les déplacements quotidiens qui y sont rattachés, tout en explorant les façons par lesquelles le genre, la classe sociale et la migration structurent cette relation.Les données en provenance des entrevues indiquent que les participants étaient généralement incapables de travailler près de leur lieu de résidence, ou encore d’habiter près de leur lieu de travail. Leurs emplois précaires se caractérisaient p...

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes

Premji

2017

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“…The authors suggested that a lack of effective resettlement services, including employment support, may contribute to increased distress. Research examining the interaction of employment and mental health outcomes with other vulnerable populations, such as low income women who struggle to find childcare in the United States [38], low education individuals in Brazil [39], and racial minorities in Canada [40] also demonstrated that non-professional employment or under employment results in psychological distress. Other scholars posit that refugees resettled for longer periods may experience employment as a barrier due to a concurrent decrease in social program funding [24,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee Resettlement in the U.S.: The Impact of Contextual Factors on Psychological Distress

Ramzy¹,

Jackman²,

Soberay³

et al. 2017

ujph

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The purpose of the current study was to examine the contribution of behavioral health treatment and several contextual factors -employment, English language proficiency, family separation, and local family support --to psychological distress among newly resettled refugees over one year. Pre-and post-data were collected between July 2014 and January 2016 at an integrated care refugee clinic located in the western United States. The sample (N = 77) consisted of a diverse group of refugees, most of whom recently arrived from Burma, Iraq, Bhutan, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Somalia. The Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15) was used to measure psychological distress at the initial screening and at 12 months for refugees who indicated distress at baseline. Findings indicated a significant increase in psychological distress for those who were employed, and a significant decrease in distress for those with at least some English language proficiency and for those who have family residing in or near their country of origin. Research recommendations include using a larger sample size and more robust assessment tools to further understand the influence of family separation on psychological distress. Practice recommendations include providing advanced employment options and increasing host country language class access for newly arrived refugees.

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“…19,21,[26][27][28] They can be overqualified 24 and may face language or cultural barriers that make them less likely to seek compensation and medical assistance. 29,30 2 | DISCUSSION…”

Section: Workplace Structural Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping vulnerabilities in workers of the electronics recycling industry formal sector: A commentary

Ceballos

Côté

Bakhiyi

et al. 2020

American J Industrial Med

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Vulnerabilities in workers performing electronics recycling (e-recycling) in the informal sector worldwide have been well documented. However, the growing e-recycling industry in the formal sector still brings many challenges to protect the health of workers and their environment. This commentary aims to draw attention to the overlooked vulnerabilities faced by the workers of the e-recycling industry formal sector in high-income countries and discuss the potential impact on health inequalities experienced by these workers. Expanding the definition of vulnerability, not limited to the biological susceptibility to chemical and physical exposures, the demographic characteristics of workers in the e-recycling formal sector often reveal social groups known to be disadvantaged regarding occupational exposures and health effects, including young workers, immigrant or ethnic minorities, and workers with mental or physical health issues or disabilities. Overlapping structural vulnerabilities of the e-recycling industry stem from its newness, its working conditions, its conditions of employment, and the sociodemographic characteristics of its workforce. This phenomenon in high-income countries is not restricted to the e-recycling industry alone. It is rather a symptom of more generalized macro socioeconomical phenomena. The present challenges are in line with the new gig and green economies and changes in the global market, and their consequences on the solid waste sector. Continued efforts to strengthen the inclusion of social aspects of health into the complex interaction of the structural vulnerabilities met by e-recycling workers will be essential to anticipate and prevent health issues in this essential but still emerging workforce.

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Pathways between under/unemployment and health among racialized immigrant women in Toronto

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes

Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes

Refugee Resettlement in the U.S.: The Impact of Contextual Factors on Psychological Distress

Overlapping vulnerabilities in workers of the electronics recycling industry formal sector: A commentary

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