Pathways influencing dental caries increment among children: A cohort study

Reyes, Lilian Toledo; Knorst, Jéssica Klöckner; Ortiz, Fernanda Ruffo; Mendes, Fausto Medeiros; Ardenghi, Thiago Machado

doi:10.1111/ipd.12730

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This has been observed among Indigenous children in the US, Canada and Australia [22,42], as well as amongst non-Indigenous children in these countries [40,43]. Similar results were observed in recent studies in a population of low socio-economic African American children [44], in Brazil [45] and in Mexico [46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Predicting dental caries increment using salivary biomarkers in a remote Indigenous Australian child population

et al. 2021

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Background The burden of childhood dental caries amongst Indigenous Australians is higher than in other Australians. Because of differences in lifestyle and the evolutionary history of the oral microbiota, associated risk indicators may differ. Here, we evaluate associations between caries increment, salivary biomarkers and baseline caries among children aged 5–17 years residing in a remote rural Indigenous community. Methods This study was part of a trial assessing cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent dental caries among children. Baseline epidemiology and application of topical caries-preventive measures was conducted in 2015, followed-up in 2016 and 2017. Children who did not consent or failed to attend the prevention visits but did attend for follow-up epidemiology constituted a natural comparison group for evaluating the intervention. Saliva flow, pH, buffering and bacterial loads were measured at all visits. Caries was scored by the International Caries Detection and Assessment system. Outcome was caries increment. Explanatory variables were sex, being in experimental or comparison group, baseline caries, saliva flowrate and buffering, pH, and salivary loads of mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB), and yeast. Chi Square tests compared caries incidence in relation to explanatory variables and Generalised Linear Models explored associations between explanatory and outcome variables. Results Of 408 participants at baseline, only 208 presented at 2-year follow-up. Of caries-free children at baseline, significantly fewer had incipient (p = 0.01) and advanced (p = 0.04) caries after two years. Children in the experimental group experienced fewer tooth surfaces with advanced caries (p = 0.02) than comparison children. Having caries at baseline (p = 0.02) and low salivary flow-rates (p < 0.001) saw a significant increase in advanced caries after two years. Children with high salivary loads of MS (p = 0.03) and LB (p = 0.004) experienced more advanced carious surfaces. Multivariable analysis revealed 58% reduction (p = 0.001) in advanced caries among children with high salivary flow rates. Caries increment was 61% (p = 0.03) more for incipient and 121% (p = 0.007) more for advanced caries among children who harboured higher loads of MS. Conclusion As with other ethnicities, children with low salivary flow and those with high MS had higher incipient and advanced caries increments after two years. Such risk assessments facilitate targeted preventive interventions for such communities. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), No: ACTRN12615000693527: 3 July 2015.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Predicting dental caries increment using salivary biomarkers in a remote Indigenous Australian child population

et al. 2021

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“…This has been observed among Indigenous children in the US, Canada and Australia [22,37], as well as amongst non-Indigenous children in these countries [35,38]. Similar results were observed in recent studies in a population of low socio-economic African American children [39], in Brazil [40] and in Mexico [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predicting Dental Caries Increment Using Salivary Biomarkers in a Remote Indigenous Australian Child Population

Fernando

Tadakamadla

Kroon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The burden of childhood dental caries amongst Indigenous Australians is higher than that of other Australians. Because of differences in lifestyle and the evolutionary history of the oral microbiota associated risk indicators may differ. Our objective was to evaluate associations between caries increment, salivary biomarkers, and baseline caries status among a rural Indigenous community in Far North Queensland, Australia.MethodsThis study was part of a trial assessing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent dental caries among children. A baseline epidemiological survey and application of topical caries preventive measures was conducted in 2015, followed-up in 2016 and 2017. Saliva flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and bacterial loads were measured. Caries was scored by the International Caries Detection and Assessment system. The outcome was caries increment. Explanatory variables were sex, being in experimental or comparison group, baseline caries status, saliva flowrate and buffering capacity, pH, and salivary loads of mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB), and yeast. Descriptive statistics assessed frequencies, means and percentages. Chi Square tests compared caries incidence in relation to explanatory variables and Generalised Linear Models with negative binomial regression and log-link explored associations between explanatory and outcome variables. ResultsOf children caries free at baseline, significantly fewer had incipient (p=0.01) and advanced (p=0.04) caries after two years. From Univariate analysis, children in the experimental group experienced fewer tooth surfaces with advanced caries (p=0.02) than children in the comparison group. Having caries at baseline (p=0.02) and low salivary flow rates (p <0.001) saw a significant increase in advanced caries after two years. Children with high salivary loads of MS (p=0.03) and LB (p=0.004) experienced more advanced carious surfaces. Multivariable analysis revealed 58% reduction (p=0.001) in advanced caries among children with high salivary flow rates. Caries increment was 61% (p=0.03) more for incipient and 121% (p=0.007) more for advanced caries among children who harboured higher loads of MS. ConclusionAs with other ethnicities, children with low salivary flow rates and those with high loads of MS had higher incipient and advanced caries increments after two years. These risk assessments can facilitate targeted preventive interventions for such communities. Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), No: ACTRN12615000693527; date of registration: 3rd July 2015.

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“…Moreover, dental caries in FPMs was also associated with the caries severity in the primary teeth and lower family monthly income (≤2 MW). It is established that caries status in the primary teeth is a risk factor for predicting caries in the permanent teeth 13,23,31 . In the same trend, demographic and socioeconomic indicators are directly associated with the presence of dental caries 32,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of independent variables was performed based on the “Conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health”, proposed by the World Health Organization, 22 previously adapted for the analysis of dental caries 23 . In the idealized model, there are two sets of determinants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of independent variables was performed based on the "Conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health", proposed by the World Health Organization, 22 previously adapted for the analysis of dental caries. 23 In the idealized model, there are two sets of determinants. The first is made up of structural social determinants related to health inequities, including demographic and socioeconomic characteristics such as sex, family income, and educational level.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework and Selection Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between dental caries and molar‐incisor hypomineralisation in first permanent molars: A hierarchical model

Oreano

Santos

Borgatto

et al. 2022

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) refers to a qualitative enamel defect of systemic origin affecting one to four first permanent molars (FPMs) and is frequently associated with permanent incisors. 1 Its reported prevalence estimates range from 0.5% in India 2 to 40.2% in Brazil, 3 with an estimated pooled global prevalence of 14.1%. 4 MIH has been associated with prenatal, perinatal and postnatal exposures. [5][6][7] In addition, a multifactorial aetiology with a possible genetic component seems likely. 8 MIH occurs due to a dysfunction of the ameloblast at the early amelogenesis maturation stage, resulting in decreased mineral deposition (calcium and phosphorus) and increased carbon and protein content compared to sound enamel. 1,9 Clinically, the severity of enamel defects may range from demarcated opacities (creamy/ white, yellow or brown coloured) to enamel breakdown, resulting

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Pathways influencing dental caries increment among children: A cohort study

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Predicting dental caries increment using salivary biomarkers in a remote Indigenous Australian child population

Predicting dental caries increment using salivary biomarkers in a remote Indigenous Australian child population

Predicting Dental Caries Increment Using Salivary Biomarkers in a Remote Indigenous Australian Child Population

Association between dental caries and molar‐incisor hypomineralisation in first permanent molars: A hierarchical model

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