Pathways of Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops via stepwise accumulation of wellcharacterized genetic and epigenetic alterations. We review the genetic changes associated with the development of pre-cancerous colorectal adenomas and their progression to tumors, as well as the effects of defective DNA repair, chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and alterations in the serrated pathway and DNA methylation. We provide insights into the different molecular subgroups of colorectal tumors that develop via each of these different mechanisms and their associations with patient outcomes.

Autocatalytic Tissue Polymerization Reaction Mechanism in Colorectal Cancer Development and Growth

“…Other hereditary colon cancer syndromes would also be interesting to study such as ones in which germline mutations lead to an accelerated adenoma-carcinoma progression. Indeed, syndromes in which germline mutation affects DNA repair, such as Lynch syndrome and MUTH-associated polyposis, have accelerated tumor development [60,61]. Tumors in Lynch Syndrome have genetic instability due to microsatellite instability.…”

MET and RON receptor tyrosine kinases in colorectal adenocarcinoma: molecular features as drug targets and antibody-drug conjugates for therapy

“…Advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC), defined by its histopathological appearances, metastatic dissemination, and acquired chemoresistance, is a distinctive, heterogenic and aggressive cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. During the last decade, genetic aberrations and cellular disorganizations associated with CRAC initiation, progression, and malignancy have been extensively studied using various platforms such as genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic, and tumor microenvironmental approaches [ 1 – 4 ].…”

“…Non-surgical treatment of CRAC aimed at prolonging survival is a serious clinical challenge. Except first-line chemotherapies, molecularly targeted and immunoregulatory approaches have been applied with clinical benefits [ 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 ]. Nevertheless, there is still a hug gap to achieve the curative outcome for the majority of CRAC patients.…”

Screening and Authentication of Key Genes and Prognostic Value Analysis in Oligodendroglial Tumors

“…It is generally considered that tumorigenesis is a complex process with a wide spectrum of genetic alterations [6]. These genes typically exhibit aberrant expression patterns and have clinical significance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis [7].…”