Pathways of different forms of nitrogen and role of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in alkaline residue sand from bauxite processing

Goloran, Johnvie Bayang; Chen, Chengrong; Phillips, Ian; Liu, X.

doi:10.1111/ejss.12274

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…2d ). This result is consistent with previous findings showing that NO 3 − -N was dominant over NH 4 + -N in BRS because the former was more stable than the latter in a highly alkaline environment 5 34 35 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Shifts in leaf N:P stoichiometry during rehabilitation in highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand

Goloran

Chen

Phillips

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Large quantities of sodic and alkaline bauxite residue are produced globally as a by-product from alumina refineries. Ecological stoichiometry of key elements [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] plays a critical role in establishing vegetation cover in bauxite residue sand (BRS). Here we examined how changes in soil chemical properties over time in rehabilitated sodic and alkaline BRS affected leaf N to P stoichiometry of native species used for rehabilitation. Both Ca and soil pH influenced the shifts in leaf N:P ratios of the study species as supported by consistently significant positive relationships (P < 0.001) between these soil indices and leaf N:P ratios. Shifts from N to P limitation were evident for N-fixing species, while N limitation was consistently experienced by non-N-fixing plant species. In older rehabilitated BRS embankments, soil and plant indices (Ca, Na, pH, EC, ESP and leaf N:P ratios) tended to align with those of the natural ecosystem, suggesting improved rehabilitation performance. These findings highlight that leaf N:P stoichiometry can effectively provide a meaningful assessment on understanding nutrient limitation and productivity of native species used for vegetating highly sodic and alkaline BRS, and is a crucial indicator for assessing ecological rehabilitation performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Shifts in leaf N:P stoichiometry during rehabilitation in highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand

Goloran

Chen

Phillips

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Optimizing N regime has turned out to be an effective means of promoting the bioavailability of fertilizer-N, where fifty-fifty split application of urea promoted the utilization by decreasing the losses. Combined N losses through volatilization and leaching with glycine (39–53%) and ammonium sulfate (40–60%) fertilizers indicated both physicochemical and biological transformations of N by mineralization and nitrification [48]. However, gaseous N emissions were the only reason for high N losses in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Contribution and fate of maize residue-15N and urea-15N as affected by N fertilization regime

Ding

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Increasing amounts of crop residues are being returned to croplands. Understanding nitrogen (N) availability in crop residues under various N fertilization regimes is important in optimizing N management. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the contribution, fate and residual effects of urea and maize residue-N using a 15N isotope technique. Four N regimes were tested: three basal–topdressing ratios of N applied as urea (100–0, 75–25, 50–50) and one basal application of 75% N as urea and 25% N as manure (75U+25M). An average of 31.4% wheat N uptake was derived from urea, 9.2% from maize residue, and 59.5% from the soil in the first season. During the growing stages of wheat, maize residue contributed 0.3–4.8% and 3.1–13.2% to soil mineral and microbial biomass N, respectively, and those originated from urea was 1.0–4.2% and 4.6–16.8%, respectively. Regarding the fate of urea and residue-N after the first season, 35.9% and 16.9% of urea-15N and residue-15N were recovered by wheat, 28.1% and 46.9% remained in the soil, and 36.0% and 36.2% were lost. The contribution of urea to crop N uptake and N recovery efficiency increased, while that of residue-N decreased with increasing proportion of topdressing N. Substituting 25% mineral N with manure decreased the urea-15N loss without negative effects on crop dry matter and N uptake. Residual urea-15N and maize residue-15N from the previous season contributed 3.9% and 3.0% to summer maize N uptake. Additionally, 29.3% of residue-15N remained in the soil after the second season, while only 18.6% of urea-15N remained. Our study suggests that fertilizer and crop residue are actively involved in soil N transformation and plant N nutrition, emphasizing the capacities of organic residues to sustainably supply nutrients. Considering the utilization of both N fertilizer and maize residue, we may suggest a 75–25 split in N fertilizer application, but more appropriate options need to be further assessed under different cropping systems.

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“…In a growth chamber experiment Goloran et al (2015a) recorded significant NO 3 leaching from residue sand and Chen et al (2010a) noted that significant NO 3 leaching would be expected under field conditions. Even so, Goloran et al (2015a) showed plant uptake of N was greater from KNO 3 than NH 4 SO 4 despite leaching losses of NO 3 occurring. They suggested that when NH 4 + fertilisers are used, NH 3 À volatilisation loss dominated over plant uptake of N. Leaching of NO 3 À may well become a significant loss mechanism in older rehabilitation sites when the microbial population has developed capability for mineralisation and nitrification of organic N (Banning et al 2014).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The ability of residue (fines and sand) to retain and supply nutrients to growing plants varies considerably depending on factors such as the form of fertiliser (organic versus inorganic), timing of application (leaching potential), rate of application, and number of applications (single versus split). Numerous studies have been undertaken under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions to understand nutrient dynamics in bauxite residue (Thiyagarajan et al 2009(Thiyagarajan et al , 2011(Thiyagarajan et al , 2012Chen et al 2010aChen et al , 2010bBanning et al 2010Banning et al , 2014Goloran et al 2014aGoloran et al , 2015aGoloran et al , 2015bGoloran et al , 2017Jones et al 2010Jones et al , 2012aJones et al , 2012bJones et al , 2015Kaur et al 2016). Outcomes from these studies clearly demonstrate the importance of nutrient addition to achieve a vegetation cover.…”

Section: Balanced Supply Of Essential Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dust with adhering bacterial cells and fungal spores) (Haynes 2014). Thus, autotrophic nitrifying bacteria colonise residue deposits rapidly (Goloran et al 2015a), and NO 3 À becomes the dominant form of N present in the residue even where N was initially supplied in the NH 4 + form Goloran et al 2013Goloran et al , 2015a. Goloran et al (2013) found that the concentration of soil NO 3 increased with increasing rehabilitation age from a 7-year-old site to one of 15 years.…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil quality and vegetation performance indicators for sustainable rehabilitation of bauxite residue disposal areas: a review

et al. 2019

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The generation of bauxite residue, the by-product of alumina manufacture from bauxite ore, has increased to a global stockpile of some 3 billion tonnes. In the absence of significant reuse options, the bulk of this residue is contained within bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs), which can occupy a significant footprint and pose potential environmental risk. Rehabilitation (amendment and vegetation establishment) is viewed as a significant strategy for eventual closure of the BRDAs. Major limitations to plant growth in residue include high pH, salinity, and sodicity, as well as deficiencies of macro- and micronutrients and potentially elevated levels of trace elements. The physical properties are also problematic as residue mud consolidates to form a solid mass that waterlogs easily or dries to form a massive structure, whereas sand has a very low water- and nutrient-holding capacity. A variety of techniques have been trialled at the pot level and at the field scale to bring about reductions in residue alkalinity and sodicity to promote plant establishment, with gypsum amendment viewed as the most promising. Other amendment strategies include use of organic additions or fertiliser applications, and a combined approach can lead to improved residue properties and successful plant establishment. Few reports have focused on longer term plant growth, self-propagation, and residue interactions under field conditions. There is some evidence that rehabilitated residue can support vegetation growth and soil development in the short to medium term (~15 years), but key issues such as nutrient availability and plant uptake require further study. Although rehabilitated residue can support diverse microbial communities and demonstrate trajectory analogous to soil, the ability of rehabilitated residue to support soil biota and key ecosystem processes warrants further study. The bioavailability of trace elements within rehabilitated sites and potential food chain transfer are relatively unexplored. These areas need careful study before definitive statements can be made regarding the sustainability of residue rehabilitation strategies.

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Pathways of different forms of nitrogen and role of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in alkaline residue sand from bauxite processing

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Shifts in leaf N:P stoichiometry during rehabilitation in highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand

Shifts in leaf N:P stoichiometry during rehabilitation in highly alkaline bauxite processing residue sand

Contribution and fate of maize residue-15N and urea-15N as affected by N fertilization regime

Soil quality and vegetation performance indicators for sustainable rehabilitation of bauxite residue disposal areas: a review

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