Pathways to Carbon Neutrality: Integrating Energy Strategies, Policy, and Public Perception in the Face of Climate Change—A Global Perspective

Abstract

The significance of the research presented in this article lies in its comprehensive view of global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality, integrating technological, policy, and social aspects. The urgent need to address climate change requires the development of renewable energy sources, technological innovations, and public engagement in shaping climate policies. This article presents an interdisciplinary approach, combining scientific data on carbon dioxide emissions with public opinion research. It highlights the need for global cooperation, emphasizing that the responsibility for achieving carbon neutrality extends beyond governments to entire societies. The analysis includes empirical findings from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), providing insights into public perceptions of climate change and their influence on climate policies. The key findings of the research indicate that accelerating the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, and implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are crucial. Public opinion plays a vital role in the success of these initiatives. The article demonstrates that international cooperation, particularly in supporting developing countries, is essential to overcoming barriers to the adoption of renewable energy. Ultimately, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is possible, but it requires not only technological innovations but also public support and coherent climate policies at both global and regional levels.