Pathways to Inequality: Between-District Segregation and Racial Disparities in School District Expenditures

Sosina, Victoria E.; Weathers, Ericka S.

doi:10.1177/2332858419872445

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Schools may therefore be unequal opportunity spreaders, playing an unequal role in transmission. The stronger relationship could reflect unequal school resources (if schools in advantaged counties can leverage resources to prevent spread during in-person schooling; B. D. Baker et al 2018;Sosina and Weathers 2019), unequal family or individual socioeconomic resources, and higher risk of COVID-19 exposure and severe Note. Marginal estimates at sample mean values based on odd-numbered models in Table 3, Panel B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stronger relationship could reflect unequal school resources (if schools in advantaged counties can leverage resources to prevent spread during in-person schooling; B. D. Baker et al 2018; Sosina and Weathers 2019), unequal family or individual socioeconomic resources, and higher risk of COVID-19 exposure and severe symptoms due to economic and social inequality and preexisting health conditions (Alcendor 2020; CDC 2020b; Wiemers et al 2020; Williams 2012; Williams, Lawrence, and Davis 2019; Zelner et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unequal Opportunity Spreaders: Higher COVID-19 Deaths with Later School Closure in the United States

Rauscher

Burns

2021

Sociological Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mixed evidence on the relationship between school closure and COVID-19 prevalence could reflect focus on large-scale levels of geography, limited ability to address endogeneity, and demographic variation. Using county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 data through June 15, 2020, two matching strategies address potential heterogeneity: nearest geographic neighbor and propensity scores. Within nearest neighboring pairs in different states with different school closure timing, each additional day from a county’s first case until state-ordered school closure is related to 1.5 to 2.4 percent higher cumulative COVID-19 deaths per capita (1,227–1,972 deaths for a county with median population and deaths/capita). Results are consistent using propensity score matching, COVID-19 data from two alternative sources, and additional sensitivity analyses. School closure is more strongly related to COVID-19 deaths in counties with a high concentration of Black or poor residents, suggesting schools play an unequal role in transmission and earlier school closure is related to fewer lives lost in disadvantaged counties.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Opportunity Spreaders: Higher COVID-19 Deaths with Later School Closure in the United States

Rauscher

Burns

2021

Sociological Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, district-level studies of resource allocation omit analysis of within-district resource allocation. States with larger and more segregated districts, such as California, Florida, and Maryland, are more likely to have within-district resource disparities (Knight, 2019; Orfield & Frankenberg, 2014; Sosina & Weathers, 2019). Hill and Ugo (2015) identify a number of schools in California where the percentage of low-income or English learner students exceeds 90% yet the district rate is below 25%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Measurement Matter? Assessing Alternate Approaches to Measuring State School Finance Equity for California’s Local Control Funding Formula

Knight

Mendoza

2019

AERA Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scholars have not reached consensus on the best approach to measure state school finance equity. The regression-based approach estimates the relationship between district poverty rate and funding level, controlling for other district cost factors. A second commonly used approach involves estimating the weighted average funding level for low-income students or other subgroups. Meanwhile, policymakers have preferences for their own data systems and poverty indicators when reading reports and assessing progress. We constructed parallel, district-level panel data sets using data from the California Department of Education and the U.S. Census. We estimated changes over time in district-level school finance equity under California’s Local Control Funding Formula, using multiple school finance measurement approaches, with each of the two data sets. Our results show that different methods and analytic choices result in policy-relevant differences in findings. We discuss the implications for policy and future research.

show abstract

“…In another recent paper, Sosina and Weathers (2019) explored the extent to which changes in demographics over time relate to changes in school expenditures, focusing specifically on Black-White and Latino-White segregation, finding that "changes in racial/ethnic segregation within a state from 1999 through 2013 are associated with racial/ethnic disparities in spending, even after accounting for disparities in poverty. (p. 1)" Specifically, "the typical Black student's district in a state that experienced a 0.04 unit increase in Black-White segregation would experience a $199.45 relative decrease (i.e., −$4,986.22 × 0.04) in per pupil total expenditures for every $10,000 of average spending."…”

Section: Do School Finance Reforms and Demographic Shifts Affect Disparities?mentioning

confidence: 99%

School funding disparities and the plight of Latinx children

Baker

Srikanth

Cotto³

et al. 2020

EPAA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides a systematic decomposition of disparities in school funding by race and ethnicity using two new data resources. First, we use a national district level panel of data from the School Finance Indicators Database to evaluate recent (2012 – 2017) disparities in school revenue and spending by race in addition to poverty, across and within all states and within selected states. Next, we use data from the National Education Cost Model (NECM) to evaluate disparities in spending against estimates of “costs” of achieving national average student outcomes to determine racial differences in gaps between current spending and costs of equitable outcomes. As Latinx shares increase, per pupil spending and revenue decrease, respectively by about 4% to 7% for districts that are approximately 100% Latinx compared to those that have few or no Latinx students, controlling for poverty. More striking, when controlling for poverty, a district that is 100% Latinx is nearly 2.5 times as likely as a district that is 0% Latinx to be financially disadvantaged (have revenue 90% of labor market average, and poverty greater than 120%), when controlling for poverty and 28.5 times as likely when not controlling for poverty. Finally, spending is less adequate to achieve national average outcomes, across states, in districts serving larger shares of Latinx students.

show abstract

Pathways to Inequality: Between-District Segregation and Racial Disparities in School District Expenditures

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Unequal Opportunity Spreaders: Higher COVID-19 Deaths with Later School Closure in the United States

Unequal Opportunity Spreaders: Higher COVID-19 Deaths with Later School Closure in the United States

Does the Measurement Matter? Assessing Alternate Approaches to Measuring State School Finance Equity for California’s Local Control Funding Formula

School funding disparities and the plight of Latinx children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About