Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Animal Assisted Activity in Orthodontics

Abstract

Dental anxiety affects up to 21% of children and 80% of adults and is associated with lifelong dental avoidance. Animal assisted activity (AAA) is widely used to reduce anxiety and pain in medical settings and has promise in dentistry. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate caregiver and patient perceptions of canine AAA in orthodontics. A cross-sectional survey consisting of pre-tested and validated questions was conducted (n = 800) including orthodontic patients (n = 352 minors, n = 204 adults) and parents/caregivers (n = 244) attending university orthodontic clinics. In this study, AAA and dog therapy were not used or tested for dental anxiety management. More than a third of orthodontic patients (37%) had moderate or greater anxiety related to care. Participants believed that therapy animals would make dental experiences more enjoyable (75%) and reduce anxiety (82%). There was little to no concern expressed regarding cleanliness (83%), allergies (81%), and safety (89%) with a therapy animal in dental settings. Almost half of the participants would preferentially select an orthodontic office offering AAA. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed whether perceptions of AAA changed before and after the shutdown of dental offices, with no significant differences. Across patients and caregivers, the responses support the use of AAA in orthodontic settings with minimal concerns.

Dog-assisted therapy for control of anxiety in pediatric dentistry

“…In the Control group, there was a significant increase in CSmeasured anxiety after dental treatment, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies [22]. In the AAT group, there was no statistically significant change in CS scores before and after treatment, which can be justified by the positive experience of contact with the therapy dog, corroborating the previous findings of Sobo et al [29], Cruz-Fierro et al [25], and Cass et al [26], who noted that the interaction between children and dogs resulted in behavior changes and patients became calmer.…”

“…The children were separated into two groups, AAT and control. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CS) [17] and heart rate (HR) were used as measures of anxiety, as reported elsewhere in the literature [22,[24][25][26]. Baseline measurements of both parameters were obtained, and procedures (including local anesthesia, restorative dentistry, oral surgery, endodontics, and impressions) were then performed.…”

“…using a questionnaire. This scale allows assessment of anxiety under a standardized methodology at different time points [24][25][26]. Accordingly, in our study the scale was administered before and after treatment.…”