Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study

Elimian, Kelly Osezele; Ochu, Chinwe Lucia; Ebhodaghe, Blessing Itohan; Myles, Puja; Crawford, Emily; Igumbor, Ehimario; Ukponu, Winifred; Olayinka, A Onasoga; Aruna, Olusola; Dan-Nwafor, Chioma; Olawepo, Olatayo; Ogunbode, Oladipo; Atteh, Rhoda; Nwachukwu, William; Venkatesan, Sudhir; Obagha, Chijioke; Ngishe, Samuel; Suleiman, Kabir; Usman, Muhammad; Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola; Nwadiuto, Ifeoma; Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu; Usman, Rabi; Nwando,; Aderinola, Olaolu; Ilori, Elsie; Oladejo, John; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Ihekweazu, Chikwe

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044079

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous findings in Pawe hospital, 11 reported in two hospitals, 29 and found in urban areas, in central Ethiopia, 14 and in Italia 30,31 . Consistent findings reported in Nigeria, 32 Iran, 33,34 and Italy, 30 baseline comorbidity increased the likely hood of risk for infection of COVID‐19. Accordingly, baseline comorbidity increased six times the infectivity of COVID‐19 when tested through RT‐PCR as compared with no comorbidity groups (AOR = 5.8; 95% CI = 2.1–12.2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Polymerase chain reaction‐positivity and predictors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among diagnosed cases' in North West Ethiopia

Kebede,

Kebede

2023

Health Science Reports

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BackgroundThe lack of sophisticated diagnosing equipment for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the incidence of variant types of COVID‐19 underestimates the morbidity and mortality patterns of this pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to estimate seropositive and confirmatory predictors for COVID‐19 suspected and tested cases through polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in two diagnosingMethodsA facility‐based descriptive cross‐sectional study was employed among COVID‐19 suspected cases from January 2, 2022, to June 9, 2022. The data were collected both using a structured interviewees and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The nasal swab (NS) was analyzed in the laboratory for RNA detection of the virus using PCR. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 4.2 and then exported to STATA (SE) version R‐14 software for further analysis. multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associated riskResultsA total of 285 suspected cases have participated in this study. The overall mean (±SD) age of the participants was 37.5 (±18.5) years. The majority, 174 (61.1%) of the tested groups were symptomatic when diagnosed. The positivity of RT‐PCR for suspected and COVID‐19 diagnosed cases were confirmed in 62/285 (21.75%). In multivariable analysis, they were aged 26–50 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–10.75), had comorbidity (AOR = 5.8; 95% CI = 2.1–12.2), and cigarette smokers (AOR = 13.5; 95% CI = 5.3–36.6) were significantly associated with developing COVID‐19 infection.ConclusionMore than two in every nine suspected cases were positive RT‐PCR tests, and the infectivity of COVID‐19 was significantly associated with age 25–50 years, comorbidities, and cigarette smoking. The deployment of high‐quality diagnostic kits like RT‐PCR is crucial for the early detection and risk stratification of suspected cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Polymerase chain reaction‐positivity and predictors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among diagnosed cases' in North West Ethiopia

Kebede,

Kebede

2023

Health Science Reports

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“…In west Africa, after the actual spread of the pandemic, this gender-specific difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality in subjects over 60 years of age was confirmed and demonstrated by epidemiological data from many west African countries, including Burkina Faso, 12 , 13 Ivory Coast, 14 Ghana, 15 Guinea, 16 Mali, 17 Mauritania, 18 and Nigeria. 19 , 20 Studies exploring population exposure have been conducted in some west African countries. In Nigeria, the seroprevalence was evaluated within specific populations in asymptomatic subjects and made it possible to estimate seroprevalence rates between 2.2% and 45%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in 16 West African Countries: An Assessment of the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 after Four Epidemic Waves

Ndiaye,

Beye,

Sow

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. West Africa faced the COVID-19 pandemic in early March 2020 and, as of March 31, 2022, had more than 900,000 confirmed cases and more than 12,000 deaths. During this period, SARS-CoV-2 genomes evolved genetically, resulting in the emergence of distinct lineages. This review was conducted to provide the epidemiological profile of COVID-19, the mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2, and the dynamics of its lineages in the 16 west African countries by analyzing data from 33 studies and seven situation reports. For a more complete representation of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2, we used reliable public data in addition to eligible studies. As of March 31, 2022, the 16 west African countries experienced four epidemic waves with variable intensities. Higher mortality was noted during the third wave with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.9%. After these four epidemic waves, Liberia recorded the highest CFR (4.0%), whereas Benin had the lowest CFR (0.6%). Through mutational analysis, a high genetic heterogeneity of the genomes was observed, with a predominance of mutations in the spike protein. From this high mutational rate, different lineages emerged. Our analysis of the evolutionary diversity allowed us to count 205 lineages circulating in west Africa. This study has provided a good representation of the mutational profile and the prevalence of SARS CoV-2 lineages beyond the knowledge of the global epidemiology of the 16 African countries.

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“…However, though the proportion of males was higher than that of the females in this study, there was no significant association between sex and COVID-19 severity. Some studies in Nigeria have, nonetheless, reported a significant association between sex and COVID-19 severity, with males having the more severe form of COVID-19 ( 31 – 33 ). However, most of these studies did not assess if there was a significant difference in the prevalence of COVID-19 based on sex ( 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association seen between age and the presence of co-morbidity and COVID-19 severity is not strange. Since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, these variables have been identified as having a strong association with COVID-19 severity, even in studies from Nigeria ( 21 , 30 , 31 ). However, though the proportion of males was higher than that of the females in this study, there was no significant association between sex and COVID-19 severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nasal carriage of Bacillus species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study

Fowora,

Aiyedogbon,

Omolopo

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Intranasal sprays containing Bacillus species are being researched for treating viral respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity. This was a cross-sectional study that collected nasopharyngeal samples from adults 18 years and above visiting two COVID-19 testing centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2020 and September 2021. Bacillus species were cultured from the samples and confirmed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. The dependent variable was COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. The independent variable was the nasal carriage of Bacillus species. Multinomial regression analysis was done to determine the association between nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity after adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidity status. A total of 388 participants were included in the study with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.05 (13.563) years. Sixty-one percent of the participants were male, 100 (25.8%) had severe COVID-19, 130 (33.5%) had pre-existing comorbidity, and 76 (19.6%) had Bacillus cultured from their nasopharyngeal specimen. Bacillus species presence was significantly associated with higher odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a negative COVID-19 status (AOR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.359, 8.243). However, the presence of Bacillus species was significantly associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a mild COVID-19 status. The study suggests that nasal carriage of Bacillus species is associated with the clinical course of COVID-19 and supports the exploration of Bacillus species in the management of viral respiratory tract infections. IMPORTANCE With the introduction of intranasal spray containing Bacillus species for the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, identifying the association between the nasal carriage of Bacillus species and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity will help further substantiate the investigation of these bacteria for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the association between the carriage of Bacillus species in the nasopharyngeal tract and COVID-19 severity and found that the presence of Bacillus species in the nasopharynx may significantly impact the clinical course of COVID-19.

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Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Polymerase chain reaction‐positivity and predictors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among diagnosed cases' in North West Ethiopia

Polymerase chain reaction‐positivity and predictors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among diagnosed cases' in North West Ethiopia

COVID-19 in 16 West African Countries: An Assessment of the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 after Four Epidemic Waves

Effect of nasal carriage of Bacillus species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study

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