Patient-derived tumor models: a suitable tool for preclinical studies on esophageal cancer

Modelling esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s esophagus with patient-derived organoids

“…Recent studies have sought to establish organoids derived from EAC patients ( Li et al, 2018 ; Karakasheva et al, 2020 ; Karakasheva et al, 2021 ), adopting methodologies inspired by those used in gastrointestinal organoid culture ( Sato et al, 2011 ; van de Wetering et al, 2015 ; Broutier et al, 2016 ). Despite the relative newness of these protocols compared to PDXs, the success rates for EAC PDO establishment have proven to be greater than that of PDXs ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2023 ). The PDO derivation process involves mechanically fragmenting and enzymatically digesting EAC tissue specimens (diagnostic biopsies or surgically resected tumor tissues), followed by seeding cells into or onto a 3D extracellular matrix (e.g., Matrigel) and propagating them through successive passaging rounds ( Li et al, 2018 ; Karakasheva et al, 2020 ; Karakasheva et al, 2021 ).…”

“…To date, most studies into the biology of EAC has been conducted using cancer cell lines, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) ( Liu et al, 2016 ; Mahmoudian et al, 2021 ; Liang et al, 2023 ). Cell lines have the advantages of being relatively cost effective, readily accessible and allowing for large-scale investigations ( Kamb, 2005 ; Cheon and Orsulic, 2011 ).…”