With passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has placed a greater degree of emphasis on value for health care delivery by focusing on improving health outcomes and quality and lowering costs. A key health care policy initiative that embodies this development involves the CMS Hospital Valued-Based Purchasing Program, which has begun to financially incentivize the delivery of high-quality and patientcentered health care. Along with other key clinical outcomes measures, such as complications and 30-day mortality, patient experience has been considered to be an essential component in determining high-value health care.In 2002, the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) Survey was developed as a method with which to measure the patient experience during hospitalization. The project had 3 main goals: 1) to produce data that would allow objective comparisons of hospitals regarding topics that are important to patients; 2) to create incentives for hospitals to improve quality of care through the public reporting of HCAHPS results; and 3) to increase the accountability in health care and transparency of the quality of the hospital care provided. Since July 2007, many hospitals have been required to collect and submit HCAHPS data to receive full payment, and the public reporting of results began in March 2008. The 32-question HCAHPS survey encompasses 9 key domains: 1) communication with physicians; 2) communication with nurses; 3) responsiveness of hospital staff; 4) pain management; 5) communication about medicines; 6) discharge information; 7) cleanliness of the hospital environment; 8) quietness of the hospital environment; and 9) transition of care. The survey is administered to a random sample of adult inpatients between 48 hours and 6 weeks after discharge.Although patient-centered care is essential to improving health outcomes, use of the patient experience in determining health care value and quality has been considered controversial to some degree. The validity in using surveys to critically evaluate a patient's hospitalization experience, such as HCAHPS, is predicated on reliably evaluating for health care quality and outcomes. However, the degree to which these surveys accurately capture and include domains sensitive enough to correlate with the other commonly used outcome measures, such as length of stay, postoperative complications, and patient safety, and that are applicable across different surgeries are mixed. Some studies have suggested that higher patient satisfaction is modestly associated with a shorter length of stay, higher surgical volume, and receipt of care at larger hospitals. 1,2 In this issue, Shirk et al examined the relation between the patient-centered experience and hospital outcomes for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, nephrectomy, and cystectomy for genitourinary malignancies by linking the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and hospital-level HCAHPS scores.3 The findings o...