Patient experience of preheated and room temperature skin disinfection prior to cardiac device implantation: A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Clinically, patients often comment on the coolness of the skin disinfectant. However, scarce evidence is available regarding patients’ experience during intraoperative skin disinfection. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe and compare intraoperative patient experiences with preheated and room temperature skin disinfectant. Method: This randomised controlled trial included 220 patients undergoing cardiac device implantation. Patients allocated to preheated (36°C) or room temperature (20°C) chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol verbally answered an open-ended question regarding their experience with the skin disinfection. Results were assessed using a qualitative approach with comparative quantification. Results: The analysis resulted in nine categories describing the patients’ experiences with preheated and room temperature skin disinfection. Most of the patients described the skin disinfection process as a negative experience, which consisted of six categories: cold, smell, change in temperature, unpleasant, wet and painful. In addition, two neutral categories of response (nothing in particular and neither pleasant nor unpleasant) and one positive response (pleasant) emerged through the analysis. Preheated skin disinfection yielded significantly fewer negative experiences in the category cold (85% vs. 15%, P<0.0001) and significantly more positive experiences (66% vs. 34%, P<0.002). Neutral categories (neither pleasant nor unpleasant 65% vs. 35%, P=0.01, nothing in particular 74% vs. 26%, P<0.001) dominated after preheated skin disinfection. Conclusion: The use of preheated skin disinfection promotes a positive patient experience with skin disinfection. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02260479 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=preheated+skin+disinfection ).

Evaluation of the prevention effect of high-quality nursing quality control in disinfection supply center on nosocomial infection

“…Furthermore, regular cleaning and disinfection can effectively reduce the presence of pollutants and pathogens in the environment, reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections. [27][28][29][30] This study used the BSSI scale to assess the stress levels of staff, providing a basis for corresponding intervention measures. The results showed that women staff had higher BSSI scores than men, indicating that women are more susceptible to stress in the workplace.…”

“…Furthermore, regular cleaning and disinfection can effectively reduce the presence of pollutants and pathogens in the environment, reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections. [ 27 – 30 ]…”

Grounded theory: what makes a grounded theory study?

“…It gives insights in why particular phenomena occur or what underlying mechanisms are 1 . Over the past two years, the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing published 20 qualitative studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . These studies used methods such as content analysis, ethnography, or phenomenology.…”