Patient preferences and willingness-to-pay for community pharmacy-led Medicare Part D consultation services: A discrete choice experiment

Murry, Logan T.; Viyurri, Brahmendra; Chapman, Cole G.; Witry, Matthew J.; Kennelty, Korey A.; Nayakankuppam, Dhananjay; Doucette, William R.; Urmie, Julie M.

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.01.008

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While less widely used in political science than the AMCE, partworth utilities have a rich history as an externally valid target estimand for conjoint experiments. They have been used in conjoint-based studies in political science [42,43], renewable energy policy [44][45][46][47], economics [48,49], health policy [50] and electric grid policy [51]. Despite their widespread use across a variety of disciplines over several decades, partworth utilities have yet to face the type of validity concerns that have dogged AMCEs in recent years.…”

Section: Estimandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Price and party: The importance of partisanship and cost in American climate public opinion

Scheuch

2024

PLOS Clim

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Existing research on American climate opinion demonstrates that a wide variety of variables impact whether voters support a given policy. However, little research has empirically tested which variables matter the most in creating durable majority support for climate policies, and how varying outcomes of those variables can impact such support. I use a conjoint experiment to test the extent to which American voters value the six most important variables around climate mitigation policy, as illustrated in the current literature, and which potential options among those values attract the greatest support. I improve in external validity over previous conjoints by introducing partisanship and policy level, as well as more realistic ranges for policy cost. I find that voters generally-and across racial, gender, and partisan lines- value some variables ten times higher than others, and prefer Democratic or Bipartisan policies that are low cost and provide a variety of benefits.

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Section: Estimandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Price and party: The importance of partisanship and cost in American climate public opinion

Scheuch

2024

PLOS Clim

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“…10 The Medicare Part D (An insurance system in the USA for voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefits for people provided through a private contract with the government) consultation is one of the critical domains for pharmacist-led care interventions within community pharmacies in the USA. [78][79][80] CPs for Medicare Part D provide free consultation services with MRs to improve 7). Pharmacist-led PhC services interventions also achieved educational outcomes.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Pharmacist-led Pharmaceutical Care Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Pharmacist-Led Pharmaceutical Care Interventions Within Community Pharmacies: Narrative Review

Eldooma¹,

Maatoug²,

Yousif³

2023

IPRP

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Pharmaceutical care (PhC) services interventions led by pharmacists within community pharmacies (CPs) are essential in achieving optimal medication use outcomes. PhC is a concept related to medication use goals optimization through the reduction and prevention of drug-related problems (DRPs). This review paper summarized the literature on pharmacist-led PhC interventions within CPs. PubMed and Google Scholar publications were searched, identified, and summarized. Results showed that some studies handled community pharmacists' roles, and some talked about PhC interventions. However, some studies reviewed the use of medicines, adherence, and follow-up, while other groups were on counseling, patient education, and health promotion. Pharmacists integrated some studies concerning diagnosis and disease screening into community pharmacy services. Besides these studies, there were studies on system design and installation of PhC service models. Most of the identified research results showed pharmacist-led intervention benefits for patients. These benefits include reduced DRPs, clinical, economical, humane, education and knowledge, disease prevention and immunization, identification of practice process problems, and the need for current practice redesigning. In conclusion, pharmacists can help patients achieve optimal outcomes through pharmacist-led interventions. Despite mentioned results, We recommend researching comprehensively applied PhC services provision models within CPs for more pharmacists-led interventions and role activation.

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“…Since then, 12 more DCE studies were published on patient preferences for a pharmacydelivered patient care service: 2 on minor ailments [25,26], 4 on medication therapy management or disease management [27][28][29][30], 2 on innovative pharmacy services [31,32], 1 on the Hepatitis C test [33], 1 on specialty medicines [34], 1 on screening for cardiovascular disease [35], and 1 on prescribing by pharmacists [36]. In 2016, Tinelli incorporated a DCE into an economic evaluation using CBA.…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient preferences and cost-benefit of hypertension and hyperlipidemia collaborative management model between pharmacies and primary care in Portugal: A discrete choice experiment alongside a trial (USFarmácia®)

Costa,

Guerreiro,

Teixeira

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Little is known about patient preferences and the value of pharmacy-collaborative disease management with primary care using technology-driven interprofessional communication under real-world conditions. Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) are useful for quantifying preferences for non-market services. Objectives 1) To explore variation in patient preferences and estimate willingness-to-accept annual cost to the National Health Service (NHS) for attributes of a collaborative intervention trial between pharmacies and primary care using a trial exit DCE interview; 2) to incorporate a DCE into an economic evaluation using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Methods We performed a DCE telephone interview with a sample of hypertension and hyperlipidemia trial patients 12 months after trial onset. We used five attributes (levels): waiting time to get urgent/not urgent medical appointment (7 days/45 days; 48 hrs./30 days; same day/15 days), model of pharmacy intervention (5-min. counter basic check; 15-min. office every 3 months for BP and medication review of selected medicines; 30-min. office every 6 months for comprehensive measurements and medication review of all medicines), integration with primary care (weak; partial; full), chance of having a stroke in 5 years (same; slightly lower; much lower), and annual cost to the NHS (0€; 30€; 51€; 76€). We used an experimental orthogonal fractional factorial design. Data were analyzed using conditional logit. We subtracted the estimated annual incremental trial costs from the mean WTA (Net Benefit) for CBA. Results A total of 122 patients completed the survey. Waiting time to get medical appointment—on the same day (urgent) and within 15 days (non-urgent)—was the most important attribute, followed by 30-minute pharmacy intervention in private office every 6 months for point-of-care measurements and medication review of all medicines, and full integration with primary care. The cost attribute was not significant. Intervention patients were willing to accept the NHS annual cost of €877 for their preferred scenario. The annual net benefit per patient is €788.20 and represents the monetary value of patients’ welfare surplus for this model. Conclusions This study is the first conducted in Portugal alongside a pharmacy collaborative trial, incorporating DCE into CBA. The findings can be used to guide the design of pharmacy collaborative interventions with primary care with the potential for reimbursement for uncontrolled or at-risk chronic disease patients informed by patient preferences. Future DCE studies conducted in community pharmacy may provide additional contributions. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN): ISRCTN13410498, retrospectively registered on 12 December 2018.

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Patient preferences and willingness-to-pay for community pharmacy-led Medicare Part D consultation services: A discrete choice experiment

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Price and party: The importance of partisanship and cost in American climate public opinion

Price and party: The importance of partisanship and cost in American climate public opinion

Outcomes of Pharmacist-Led Pharmaceutical Care Interventions Within Community Pharmacies: Narrative Review

Patient preferences and cost-benefit of hypertension and hyperlipidemia collaborative management model between pharmacies and primary care in Portugal: A discrete choice experiment alongside a trial (USFarmácia®)

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