Patient Safety and Electromagnetic Protection: A Review

Abstract

A systematic literature review was carried out to study patient security and possible harmful effects, immunity and interferences on medical devices, and effectiveness and transmission problems in healthcare and hospital environments due to electromagnetic interferences. The objective was to determine already-reported cases of patient security, immunity of medical devices, and transmission/reception failure in order to evaluate safety and security of patients. Literature published in the last 10 years has been reviewed by searching in bibliographic databases, journals, and proceedings of conferences. Search strategies developed in electronic databases identified a total of 820 references, with 50 finally being included. The study reveals the existence of numerous publications on interferences in medical devices due to radiofrequency fields. However, literature on effectiveness, transmission problems and measurements of electromagnetic fields is limited. From the studies collected, it can be concluded that several cases of serious interferences in medical instruments have been reported. Measures of electromagnetic fields in healthcare environments have been also reported, concluding that special protective measures should be taken against electromagnetic interferences by incoming radio waves.

Regaining Normalcy in Relatives of Patients with a Pacemaker

“…A general fear is still experienced regarding using the cell phone. A review has shown that they can disturb the functions of the pacemakers [33], although several studies have shown that today's cell phones do not interfere with the pacemakers implanted in the last 10 years, which means that the patients can feel entirely safe [34]- [36]. When the relatives dwindle situations that are perceived as inhibiting or limiting for the patient, it gives security in daring to living on as in the past, before the pacemaker implantation.…”

Smart Caregiver using Artificial Intelligence

“…In turn, the server shares the collected knowledge to the hospitals for more treatment. The server rings alarm to the auto X. bird genus et al [9] throughout emergency scenario. it's terribly helpful for elders and chronic patients World Health Organization need continuous observance.…”

Medical Technology Management and Patient Safety

“…The impacts of mobile phones with different frequency and UHF radio frequency receiver / transmitter on ventilators were examined in many statistical studies and a highly interaction was observed (Gilligan et al, 2000;PMDA, 2006;Lawrentschuk et al, 2004, Tan et al, 2001Bassen, 1998;FDA, 1997;Carranza et al, 2011;Pressly, 2000;Hans et al, 2008).…”