Background
!Since skin-and nipple-sparing mastectomies (SSM/NSM) have proven to be oncologically safe procedures, the number of immediate breast reconstruction (BR) procedures has substantially increased [1]. With SSM and NSM, the gland is completely removed and the skin envelope preserved, facilitating subsequent reconstruction. Historically, BR was performed in less than 25 % of all breast cancer (BC) patients [2]. Whilst autologous BR used to be the treatment of choice, the last decade has seen a shift from autologous BR towards implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR), which is now used in 37 % of all BC patients in the USA [2]. As the number of autologous procedures has remained approximately the same, the increase in the number of immediate BR procedures can be primarily attributed to an increase in implant/expander reconstructions. Whether these data can be transferred to Germany is debatable, as the reimbursement systems in Germany differ from those in the US. The reimbursement of complex reconstructive procedures (pedicle and free flaps) is not the same in the US as in Germany, and these procedures are reimbursed proportionally less than IBBR, contributing to an increase in IBBR procedures [3]. Reasons for the increase in IBBR in Germany include increasing numbers of prophylactic contralateral mastectomies, improvements in the safety of silicone implants, a higher patient acceptance of silicone implants and the development of new surgical procedures and products for IBBR. Compared to autologous BR procedures, donor site morbidity has improved and the extent of surgery required and patient morbidity have decreased [4][5][6]. With the development of biological matrices and synthetic meshes, patients who were initially unsuited for, or who did not desire, autologous BR can now be offered implant-based reconstruction. In IBBR the implant is usually placed in a sub-pectoral pocket. The pectoral muscle serves as cover towards the maximal thinned out mastectomy flap. Implant coverage can often be achieved only Abstract ! While autologous breast reconstruction was considered the procedure of choice for immediate breast reconstruction, there has been a shift towards implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) in recent years. The proven safety of silicone breast implants and the development of biological matrices and synthetic meshes have contributed to the growing popularity of this approach. Although these different products are widely used, only limited clinical data are available with regard to breast surgery. The aim of this review was to give an overview of available biological matrices and synthetic meshes and discuss their use in clinical practice.
Zusammenfassung