Patient-specific risk factors for adverse outcomes following geriatric proximal femur fractures

Abstract

Background Proximal femur fractures (PFFs) occur frequently among geriatric patients due to diverse risk factors, such as a lower bone mineral density and the increased risk of falls. Methods In this review, we focus on recent literature of patient-specific risk factors and their impact on common complications and outcome parameters in patients with PFF. Results Patient- and treatment related factors have a significant impact on outcome and are associated with an increased risk of mortality, impairments in functional rehabilitation and complicative courses. Conclusion Geriatric patients at high risk for complications are nursing home inhabitants suffering from severe osteoporosis, dementia and sarcopenia. The early and ongoing assessment for these individual risk factors is crucial. Strategies including interdisciplinary approaches, addressing comorbidities and facilitating an optimal risk factor evaluation result in a beneficial outcome. The ongoing ambulant assessment and therapy of complicating factors (e.g., malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty or osteoporosis) have to be improved.

Focus on geriatric proximal femur fractures: factors that influence the outcome

“…Finally, Becker et al [6] reviewed several patient-specific risk factors for outcome after proximal femur fractures. They especially focused on the general medical condition of the patient upon admission, which may indicate which patients are at increased risk for adverse outcomes.…”

Patients risk for mortality at 90 days after proximal femur fracture – a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

“…We can confirm these results as we found a significant higher mortality rate in patients without any mobilization due to their comorbidities and disability to walk before their fall. About nursing home inhabitants, suffering from severe osteoporosis, dementia and sarcopenia similar findings are published and improving the ambulant assessment and therapy of these complicating factors is recommended [ 38 ].…”

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Effect on Falls and Fractures: A Narrative Review

“…Such operations are indispensable for remaining physically active. Malnutrition is a problem with multifaceted consequences, and among them, a higher number of hospitalization negative outcomes in comparison to patients without malnutrition [ 28 ]. The authors of the original study published in 2021 stressed that malnutrition, diagnosed via the GNRI, is not only a risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, but also greatly contributes to losses in functional decline (as assessed by activities of daily living (ADL)) and postoperative falls.…”