“…Research specifically investigating patient outcomes within interprofessional training units remains limited ( 13 , 16 , 35 , 55–65 ), primarily emanating from Europe ( 13 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 55–59 , 61 , 62 , 66 ) and Australia ( 16 , 60 ). Predominantly located in surgical ( 13 , 58 ) and orthopedic departments ( 35 , 55–57 , 61 , 66 ), interprofessional training wards in other specialties like general medicine ( 16 ), emergency medicine ( 60 ), pediatrics ( 62 ), and rheumatology ( 35 , 61 ) are underexplored. Existing studies often prioritize qualitative evaluations of patient satisfaction ( 13 , 16 , 19 , 35 , 56 , 57 , 59–62 , 66 , 67 ), with quantitative research typically focusing on complications ( 19 , 38–41 , 55 , 57 , 58 ) and sparingly on mortality ( 55 , 58 ).…”