Aim:To explore attitudes towards insulin acceptance in an ethnically diverse population of people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews using a topic guide based on a literature review and findings from our previous study which explored the perspectives of healthcare professionals about insulin initiation and management. Analysis of data involved undertaking an abductive approach in response to emerging themes. Results: Participants discussed not only their concerns about insulin therapy, but also their views and beliefs about the necessity of insulin. Their attitudes to accepting insulin could be mapped into four main typologies. These fitted with an attitudinal scale based on the Necessity-Concerns Framework, described in the medication adherence literature, comprising four attitudes: accepting, sceptical, ambivalent and indifferent. Decisions about accepting insulin involved balancing concerns (such as needle-size) against perceived necessity of insulin (generally, inadequacy of oral medication). South Asian and White British participants had similar concerns, but these were sometimes enhanced in South Asians, due to the influence of negative views and experiences of other insulin users. Conclusions: When discussing insulin with people with Type 2 diabetes, healthcare providers need to ensure that they explore and contribute to patients' understanding and interpretation of the necessity of insulin as well as discussing their concerns. Furthermore, they should be aware of how an individual's social context can influence their perceptions about the necessity of insulin as well as concerns, and that this influence may be more enhanced in some South Asian populations. Word count: 244 Correspondence to: Naina Patel. E-mail: np89@le.ac.uk
What's new?• This is the first time the Necessity and Concerns Framework drawn from the medical adherence literature has been used to explore decisions to commence insulin therapy in an ethnically diverse sample of people with Type 2 diabetes.• This study offers a practical insight on why it is important to elicit beliefs about the necessity of insulin therapy as well as people's concerns to help address the reluctance of some people with Type 2 diabetes to commence insulin therapy in a timely way.2
IntroductionApproximately 50% of people with Type 2 diabetes will at some point need to commence insulin therapy [1] in order to achieve or maintain good levels of blood glucose control. Good glycaemic control can help to reduce or prevent the development of diabetes associated complications as shown by the 10 year post-trial follow up data from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study [2]. This showed that good glycaemic control continued to confer benefits; in the sulfonylurea-insulin group, for example, there were relative reductions of 13% and 24% in the risk of diabetes-related death and microvascular complications respectively. Additionally, research modelling has shown that if insulin is commenced according to management guidelines there ...