Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Hutchings, Nicholas J.; Babalyan, Varta; Baghdasaryan, Sisak; Qefoyan, Mushegh; Sargsyants, Narina; Aghajanova, Elena; Martirosyan, Anna; Harutyunyan, R.; Lesnyak, Olga; Formenti, Anna Maria; Giustina, Andrea; Bilezikian, John P.

doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02597-7

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One of the vitamins that has attracted the most attention in relation to COVID-19 is vitamin D. The importance of a sufficient concentration of this vitamin in relation to COVID-19 is due to its potential immunomodulatory effects such as maintenance of epithelial cell integrity, promotion of antimicrobial peptides, modulation of antigenic presentation by dendritic cells, promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and regulation of renin production [ 9 ]. However, a high prevalence of deficient 25(OH)D concentrations in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 has been reported [ 25 , 26 ]. Likewise, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with COVID-19 incidence, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

González-Estévez

Turrubiates-Hernández

Herrera-Jiménez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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One of the micronutrients that has attracted the most attention in relation to COVID-19 is vitamin D. Although several factors affect its sufficiency; it has been argued that an optimal diet can ensure the intake of micronutrients with effects on immune response. Therefore, in this work we aimed to evaluate the food intake quality of SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients and some of the common factors related to vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 40 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Serum samples and clinical parameters were collected. Micronutrient intake and food intake quality were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall and the Mini-ECCA v.2, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of the sample had a healthy food intake. The median 25(OH)D concentration was 22.7 ng/mL. A considerable insufficient intake of micronutrients with immunomodulatory effects such as vitamin D (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p < 0.0001), and zinc (p < 0.0001) was shown. Patients with 25(OH)D sufficiency, defined as a concentration >30 ng/mL, had better food intake quality (p = 0.02) and an intense physical activity (p = 0.03). In conclusion, a better level of food intake quality and intense physical activity are associated with 25(OH)D sufficiency in SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

González-Estévez

Turrubiates-Hernández

Herrera-Jiménez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Since our letter of March 2020 in which we hypothesized that widespread hypovitaminosis D could have been responsible for the huge lethality of COVID-19 in Italy [8], several reports corroborated our assumption. In fact, patients with hypovitaminosis D at time of evaluation were shown to be at increased risk of testing positive for COVID-19 vs patients with sufficient status [41,42]. Moreover, low 25OHVD levels on hospital admission have been shown also to be associated with COVID-19 disease stage and mortality [43,44].…”

Section: Hypovitaminosis D and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypovitaminosis D and the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19

Giustina

2021

Endocrine

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Background Vitamin D and its deficiency have recently been suspected to be involved in increased susceptibility and negative outcomes of COVID-19. This assumption was based on the well known immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D and on the consistent finding of low levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Moreover, several studies reported a correlation between 25OHD levels and different clinical outcomes of the disease. Aim Aim of the current review was to approach the topic of vitamin D and COVID-19 from a different perspective summarizing the data which led to the evidence of the existence of an endocrine phenotype of COVID-19. Conclusions This review analyzed in the light of the current knowledge the possibility that several endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 could be holistically interpreted in the context of an inadequate vitamin D status. Keywords Vitamin D • Hypocalcemia • Vertebral fractures • Diabetes mellitus • Obesity • COVID-19

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“…Additional support for the ACE2 deficiency model may lie in a more detailed examination of high-risk patient populations. Numerous groups have been identified as at high risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes: male gender, older age, obesity, and pre-existing co-morbidities with heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and possibly vitamin D deficiency [ 93 , 124 – 127 ]. These high-risk groups for COVID-19 share at least one common factor: elevated baseline ACE pathway tone, which may arise from the increased prevalence of chronic inflammation in many of these groups [ 87 , 128 – 132 ].…”

Section: Evidence For Ace2 Downregulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional ACE2 deficiency leading to angiotensin imbalance in the pathophysiology of COVID-19

Cook

Ausiello

2021

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary cell-surface receptor. ACE2 is a key enzyme in the counter-regulatory pathway of the broader renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that has been implicated in a broad array of human pathology. The RAS is composed of two competing pathways that work in opposition to each other: the “conventional” arm involving angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) generating angiotensin-2 and the more recently identified ACE2 pathway that generates angiotensin (1–7). Following the original SARS pandemic, additional studies suggested that coronaviral binding to ACE2 resulted in downregulation of the membrane-bound enzyme. Given the similarities between the two viruses, many have posited a similar process with SARS-CoV-2. Proponents of this ACE2 deficiency model argue that downregulation of ACE2 limits its enzymatic function, thereby skewing the delicate balance between the two competing arms of the RAS. In this review we critically examine this model. The available data remain incomplete but are consistent with the possibility that the broad multisystem dysfunction of COVID-19 is due in large part to functional ACE2 deficiency leading to angiotensin imbalance with consequent immune dysregulation and endothelial cell dysfunction.

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Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hypovitaminosis D and the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19

Functional ACE2 deficiency leading to angiotensin imbalance in the pathophysiology of COVID-19

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