Dedication:This paper is dedicated to the memory of our colleague, the late Professor Cathy Charles, who made a major contribution to the TRIO conceptual framework.2 Highlights Empirically-grounded conceptual Framework of DM with a corresponding graphical aid Focuses on the form and extent of family caregiver involvement in/influence over DM Presents six conceptual insights derived from empirical evidence and DM theory May serve as a useful guide for future empirical, ethical and/or theoretical work
AbstractObjective: Family caregivers are regularly involved in cancer consultations and treatment decisionmaking (DM). Yet there is limited conceptual description of caregiver influence/involvement in DM.To address this, an empirically-grounded conceptual framework of triadic DM (TRIO Framework) and corresponding graphical aid (TRIO Triangle) were developed.Methods: Jabareen's model for conceptual framework development informed multiple phases of development/validation, incorporation of empirical research and theory, and iterative revisions by an expert advisory group.
Results:Findings coalesced into six empirically-grounded conceptual insights: i) Caregiver influence over a decision is variable amongst different groups; ii) Caregiver influence is variable within the one triad over time; iii) Caregivers are involved in various ways in the wider DM process; iv) DM is not only amongst three, but can occur among wider social networks; v) Many factors may affect the form and extent of caregiver involvement in DM; vi) Caregiver influence over, and involvement in, DM is linked to their everyday involvement in illness care/management.
Conclusion:The TRIO Framework/Triangle may serve as a useful guide for future empirical, ethical and/or theoretical work.Practice Implications: This Framework can deepen clinicians's and researcher's understanding of the diverse and varying scope of caregiver involvement and influence in DM.