Patients referred to an indoor air health clinic: exposure to water-damaged buildings causes an increase of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage and a decrease of CD19 leucocytes in peripheral blood

Wolff, Henrik; Mussalo‐Rauhamaa, Helena; Raitio, Hanna; Elg, Peter; Orpana, Arto; Piilonen, Anneli; Haahtela, Tari

doi:10.1080/00365510902770061

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is currently no well-defined diagnostic criteria for the great majority of DBRI:s. The symptoms tend to be quite diverse but include fever, myalgias, cough and headaches somewhat reminiscent of PM. Recently we have shown that exposure to water damage in buildings is associated with an increase in lymphocytes in BAL, this is similar to findings in HP and some cases of pulmonary mycotoxicosis, although the there was no change in the CD4/CD8 ratio in contrast to the increase of CD8 cells usually seen in HP 43. In this study the number of macrophages was also increased but the increase was not significant possibly because of a lag between the start of symptoms and the BAL procedure.…”

Section: Inflammatory Diseases In the Airways Caused By Exposure To Msupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this context it is of interest that in cases of HP in agricultural settings, symptomless persons also exposed to the dust in question have increased levels of lymphocytes in their BAL fluid, as do people exposed to water damaged buildings 43. To some extent DBRI can perhaps be considered to be related to HP with some cases including features of pulmonary mycotoxicosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Innate Immunity and the Pathogenicity of Inhaled Microbial Particles

Wolff¹

2011

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-infectious inhaled microbial particles can cause illness by triggering an inappropriate immunological response. From the pathogenic point of view these illnesses can be seen to be related to on one hand autoimmune diseases and on the other infectious diseases.In this review three such illnesses are discussed in some detail. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is the best known of these illnesses and it has also been widely studied in animal models and clinically. In contrast to HP Pulmonary mycotoxicosis (PM) is not considered to involve immunological memory, it is an acute self-limiting condition is caused by an immediate "toxic" effect. Damp building related illness (DBRI) is a controversial and from a diagnostic point poorly defined entity that is however causing, or attributed to cause, much more morbidity than the two other diseases.In the recent decade there has been a shift in the focus of immunology from the lymphocyte centered, adaptive immunity towards innate immunity. The archetypal cell in innate immunity is the macrophage although many other cell types participate. Innate immunity relies on a limited number of germline coded receptors for the recognition of pathogens and signs of cellular damage. The focus on innate immunity has opened new paths for the understanding of many chronic inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of some recent studies, that include aspects concerning innate immunity, on our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with exposure to inhaled microbial matter.

show abstract

Section: Inflammatory Diseases In the Airways Caused By Exposure To Msupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity and the Pathogenicity of Inhaled Microbial Particles

Wolff¹

2011

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have earlier shown that DBRI is associated with a lymphocytosis in BAL fluid [16]. In this study the relative lack of protein changes in DBRI, although lymphocytosis was present, can be seen to be in parallel with an earlier report where no HP ensued in asymptomatic dairy farmers although they demonstrated increased BAL lymphocyte levels because of exposure to moldy hay [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Thus the proteomic analysis suggests that the DBRI, at least its usual clinical presentation, is distinct from HP and HP-like conditions. However, it is possible that the proteomic pattern in an initial phase of DBRI display more similarities with HP and AME, in addition the exposure to damp buildings can sometimes cause clinical HP [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no well-defined diagnostic criteria for DBRIs, and DBRI-specific diagnostic laboratory tests are lacking. Earlier studies of our group have shown that exposure to conditions of damp buildings increased lymphocyte levels in the BAL fluid of DBRI patients [16]. There is no specific quantity or quality of NIMPs which can be stated to designate an exposure state causing significant health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Proteomic Changes of Alveolar Lining Fluid in Illnesses Associated with Exposure to Inhaled Non-Infectious Microbial Particles

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHyperresponsiveness to inhaled non-infectious microbial particles (NIMPs) has been associated with illnesses in the airways. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is considered to be the prototype for these NIMPs-related diseases; however, there is no consensus on the definitions or diagnostic criteria for HP and the spectrum of related illnesses.Methods and FindingsIn order to identify the possible diagnostic markers for illnesses associated with NIMPs in alveolar lining fluid, we performed a proteomic analysis using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with exposure to NIMPs in the context of damp building-related illness (DBRI) or conditions on the borderline to acute HP, designated here as agricultural type of microbial exposure (AME). Samples from patients with HP and sarcoidosis (SARC) were included for reference. Results were compared to results of healthy subjects (CTR). Western blot was used for validation of potential marker proteins from BAL fluid and plasma. Protein expression patterns suggest a close similarity between AME and HP, while DBRI was similar to CTR. However, in DBRI the levels of the inflammation associated molecules galectin-3 and alpha-1-antitrypsin were increased. A novel finding emerging from this study was the increases of semenogelin levels in BAL fluid from patients with AME, HP and SARC. Histone 4 levels were increased in AME, HP and SARC. Elevated plasma levels of histone 2B were detected in HP and SARC, suggesting it to be a potential blood indicator for inflammatory diseases of the lungs.ConclusionsIn this study, the proteomic changes in bronchoalveolar lavage of DBRI patients were distinct from other NIMP exposure associated lung diseases, while changes in AME overlapped those observed for HP patient samples. Some of the proteins identified in this study, semenogelin and histone 4, could function as diagnostic markers for differential diagnosis between DBRI and HP-like conditions.

show abstract

Sick Building Syndrome from a Medical Perspective-Symptoms and Signs

Stenberg

2011

Sick Building Syndrome

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients referred to an indoor air health clinic: exposure to water-damaged buildings causes an increase of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage and a decrease of CD19 leucocytes in peripheral blood

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Innate Immunity and the Pathogenicity of Inhaled Microbial Particles

Innate Immunity and the Pathogenicity of Inhaled Microbial Particles

Proteomic Changes of Alveolar Lining Fluid in Illnesses Associated with Exposure to Inhaled Non-Infectious Microbial Particles

Sick Building Syndrome from a Medical Perspective-Symptoms and Signs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About