noid syndrome and more uncommon endocrinopathies such as adenomas from the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tissues and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also reviewed briefly. tion/therapy is deficient. Signs and symptoms of hypo-and hyper-glycaemia can be blunted by anaesthetic drugs. 2) End-organ effects cause increased perioperative risk and postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with long standing or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Compromised end-organ blood-supply may be subclinical with few symptoms due to autonomic and peripheral polyneuropathy.