Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip shows higher digit ratio (2D:4D)

The Role of Placental DNA Methylation at Reproduction-Related Genes in Associations between Prenatal Bisphenol Analogues Exposure and the Digit Ratio in Children at Age 4: A Birth Cohort Study

“…Fourth, digit length was measured only once, possibly resulting in measurement error. However, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) reported by another study indicated high reliability of digit ratios measured using vernier calipers, 59 suggesting that the outcomes in our study were less likely to be affected. Fifth, the placenta is a unique tissue consisting of both maternal and fetal cells, and we did not consider the heterogeneity of the extracted parts despite our standardized approach for placental tissue collection and analysis.…”