Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Have Increased Readmission Rates, Emergency Room Visits, and Costs Following a Hallux Valgus Procedure

Abstract

Background Patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) tend to have more complications, higher readmission rates, and increased costs following orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluated patients undergoing hallux valgus correction for their odds of increased (1) readmission rates, (2) emergency room (ER) visits, and (3) costs. Methods Patients undergoing hallux valgus corrections with OUD history were identified using a national Medicare administrative claims database of approximately 24 million orthopaedic surgery patients. OUD patients were matched to non–opioid use disorder (NUD) patients in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index (ECI), diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and tobacco use. The query yielded 6318 patients (OUD = 1276; NUD = 5042) who underwent a hallux valgus correction. Primary outcomes analyzed included odds of 90-day readmission rates, 30-day ER visits, and 90-day episode-of-care costs. Demographics, odds ratios (ORs), ECI, and cost were assessed as appropriate using a Pearson χ2 test, logistic regression, and a t test. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no significant differences in demographics between OUD and NUD patients. OUD patients had higher incidence and odds of 90-day readmission (9.56% vs 6.04%; OR = 1.55; P < .001) and 30-day ER visits (0.86% vs 0.35%; OR = 2.42; P = .021) and incurred greater 90-day episode-of-care costs ($7208.28 vs $6134.75; P < .001) compared with NUD patient controls. Conclusion The study demonstrates the possible influence of OUD on higher odds of readmission, ER visits, and costs following a hallux valgus correction. Levels of Evidence Level III: Retrospective cohort study