Patrones en la naturaleza: más que un diseño inspirador

Abstract

At all scales and both in animate and inanimate systems, nature displays a wide variety of colors, rhythms, and forms. For decades, these natural patterns and rhythms have been studied and used as a source of inspiration for the technological development and well-being of human beings. Today we understand that the design of these patterns responds to principles of functionality and efficiency. This article focuses on physicochemical aspects to show how the study of spatiotemporal patterns became such an important area of interest and research for natural sciences. In particular, we address some systems in which the formation of patterns is explained by the coupling between chemical and transport processes, such as chemical gardens, periodic precipitation and Turing patterns. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Key words: Turing patterns; Morphogenesis; Periodic precipitation; Energy Economy; Bio-inspired processes. Patrones en la naturaleza: más que un diseño inspirador ResumenEn la naturaleza observamos una amplia variedad de colores, ritmos y formas, a toda escala y en sistemas animados e inanimados. Desde hace décadas los patrones y ritmos de la naturaleza han sido objeto de estudio y fuente de inspiración en el desarrollo tecnológico y en el bienestar del ser humano. Hoy entendemos que el diseño de los patrones de la naturaleza obedece a principios de funcionalidad y de eficiencia. En este artículo nos enfocamos en aspectos fisicoquímicos para mostrar cómo el estudio de los patrones espacio-temporales se convirtió en un área de gran interés e investigación en ciencias naturales. En particular, abordamos algunos sistemas donde la formación de patrones se explica mediante el acople entre procesos químicos y de transporte, tales como los jardines químicos, la precipitación periódica y los patrones de Turing.

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