Pattern and epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal injuries in Kashmir valley, a retrospective single-center study of 1467 patients

Abstract

This work aimed to study the pattern and epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma and consequent morbidity in Kashmir Valley and compare the results with other studies and to formulate preventive measures and devise management strategies. This was a retrospective study of 1467 pediatric orthopedic trauma patients who presented to our hospital over a 3-year period between September 2005 and August 2008. Information was recorded in a prescribed proforma including the following: age, sex, mode of trauma, type of fracture/injury, radiological study, final diagnosis, intervention performed, and complications. The information was collected from the Medical Records Department of the hospital. The children's ages ranged from 0 to 16 years; there were 996 males and 471 females, with males outnumbering females in every age group (the overall male-to-female ratio was 2.12:1). Most fractures occurred in children aged 7-12 years [n=816 (53.96%)] and decreased in younger and older children beyond this age group. The left side was involved in 762 cases, 612 injuries involved the right side, 24 were bilateral, and 69 patients presented with multiple injuries. In children aged 0-6 years, the most common site of injury was the elbow, whereas in children aged 7-16 years, it was the forearm. In descending order, most injuries were sustained because of fall while playing (34.76%), fall from height (33.74%), road traffic accidents (14.92%), and fall from standing height (7.97%). The majority of injuries were caused by unintentional trauma (94.48 vs. 5.52%). The places where injury occurred were the home [603 (41.10%)], play field and orchards near the home [450 (30.67%)], roads [219 (14.92%)], school [183 (12.47%)], and unknown [12 (0.81%)]. The pattern and epidemiology of pediatric trauma differs from those in adults. The majority of musculoskeletal injuries are because of unintentional trauma in this young age group and hence preventable. Enhanced supervision at home and school is recommended. A safer environment and better playing conditions may decrease the high frequency of trauma in pediatric patients. Dedicated trauma centers with such facilities as orthopedics, neurosurgery, and plastic surgery need to be established for the proper management of pediatric trauma.

Fracture risk and correlating factors of a pediatric population with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide matched study

“…Hussain et al [19] also found that the common fracture sites were around the elbow in the preschool age group and the forearm in school children. In our study, a similar trend, wherein the most common fracture site was upper limbs, was noted in both non-ADHDs and ADHDs.…”

“…An epidemiologic study in Malmö indicated that the risk of sustaining a fracture in children is 42% in boys and 27% in girls from birth to age 16 years [12]. Hussain's research showed that fractures in males outnumber those of females in every age group ranging from 0 to 16 years (the overall male-to-female ratio was 2.12 : 1) [19]. Other studies also showed that the risk of fracture in boys is higher than that in girls [2,20 -22].…”

Forearm fractures in children from Zadar region

“…No studija Hassaina i sur. u analizi 1467-ero djece regije Kashmir (Indija) bolnički liječene zbog prijeloma, nalazi kako su najčešća mjesta nastanka prijeloma kuća 41,1% i igrališta 30,7%, prometnice 14,9%, škola 12,5% (29).…”

Forearm fractures in Zagreb children

“…No, prema studiji Hassaina i sur., analizom 1467ero djece iz regije Kašmir (Indija), bolnički lije čene zbog prijeloma, utvrđeno je da je najčešće mjesto nastanka prijeloma kuća -41,1%; slijede igrališta -30,7%, prometnice -14,9% i škola -12,5%. 29 U pro metu nastaje iznimno malo prijeloma kostiju podlak tice. Jesu li preventivne mjere koje provodi MUP RH razlog tomu?…”