Pattern and Outcome of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital

Abstract

Background: Information on the patterns of admission, outcome, and associated factors of intensive care unit patients is critical for evaluating healthcare programs. However, this information is scarce in developing countries. Analyzing the pattern of intensive care unit admission helps officials develop better strategies for improved resource allocation, resulting in an overall reduction of poor outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to assess patterns of admission, outcome, and associated factors among patients admitted to the intensive care unit in Addis Ababa hospital from 2017 to 2019. Methodology: A two-year retrospective study of 268 admitted patients was done. A Systematic random sampling technique was employed to get the required samples from the database. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi-info version 3.5.3 and exported to SPSS Version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables and P-value <0.05 at 95% CI was declared as statistically significant. Results: Out of 268 charts reviewed, 193 (73.5%) were male and 75 (26.5%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 32.6 years. The most common reasons for admission were trauma 163(53.4%), followed by medical 66(24.6%). Moreover, traumatic brain injury accounts 146(82.5%) of trauma cases, followed by limb injury 40(14.9%). Regarding their outcome 94(35.1%) of patients transferred to their respective wards, and 91(34.1%) were discharged. The overall mortality was 58(21.6%). In Bivariate analyses, Glasgow coma score, admission category, pre-referral care, and age were significantly associated with death. In multivariate analysis, Glasgow coma score 3-8, admission category, and pre-referral care were factors associated with increased risk of death. Conclusion: The majority of admissions were Trauma-related. Road traffic accidents were the major cause of injury (3.5%), and traumatic brain injuries constituted the highest percentage. of admissions.