Pattern-based sensing of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with a dynamic mixture of iron complexes

Dynamic Mixtures: Challenges and Opportunities for the Amplification and Sensing of Scents

“…[26] To set up sensors based on DCC, Severin and co-workers used the fact that complexes of different metal cations with various dyes give rise to a distinct colour for each complex. [27,28] Adding a particular analyte to a DCL consisting of metal complexes (e.g., A-D) with different dyes as ligands resulted in a re-equilibration of the mixture by ligand exchange and thus modified the colour (and the UV/Vis spectrum) of the system, which allowed distinction and thus quantification of different analytes, as originally shown for the analysis of di-and tripeptides in an aqueous environment (Scheme 2). [27] Sensor arrays allowing analyte detection by pattern analysis can be set up by using different combinations of metal ions and dyes.…”

“…[27] This general concept has been extended to the sensing of nucleotides, peptide-based hormones and glycosaminoglycans. [28] Similarly, multicomponent sensor systems based on fluorescence changes have also been used for the analysis of magnesium ions. [29] Another example of a system that might be used as a sensing device is based on dynamic networks of metal complexes, which induce colour changes upon formation of charge-transfer complexes when complexing guest molecules.…”

The Use of Electrospray Mass Spectrometry to Determine Speciation in a Dynamic Combinatorial Library for Anion Recognition

“…[7,21,31,41] Of these, iron(II) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine have previously been shown to be appropriate to dynamic studies, [27] with complexes having been shown to selectivity adapt and recognize heparin. [42] Similarly, the electrospray detection of a variety of iron(II) bipyridine complexes has been reported [43] providing a robust platform from which we can construct a DCL to investigate whether it is possible to discern an appropriate assembly to selectively recognize a specific anion.…”

“…In particular, examples of C 3 ‐symmetric structures with labile metal centres including zinc(II), iron(II) and cobalt(II) and diimine ligands providing suitable cavities to enclose small inorganic anions are prevalent in the literature 7. 21, 31, 41 Of these, iron(II) complexes of 2,2′‐bipyridine have previously been shown to be appropriate to dynamic studies,27 with complexes having been shown to selectivity adapt and recognize heparin 42. Similarly, the electrospray detection of a variety of iron(II) bipyridine complexes has been reported43 providing a robust platform from which we can construct a DCL to investigate whether it is possible to discern an appropriate assembly to selectively recognize a specific anion.…”

A general approach to differential sensing using synthetic molecular receptors

“…Evaluation of the collection of signals is done by chemometric analysis [3, ••5–8], such as principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), artificial neural networks (ANN), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The availability of these chemometric techniques greatly facilitates the development of differential sensing of various analytes, including peptides and proteins [9–15], sugars [16–19], ions [20–22], gases [23–25], terpenes [26], nitrated explosives [27,28], thiols [29], amines [30], and even cells [31,32]. Array sensing in combination with chemometric tools is also making possible the prediction of enantiomeric excess [33,34] of chiral compounds.…”