Pattern Of Childhood Tuberculosis In Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

Nm, Jiya; Bolajoko, TA; Airede, K I

doi:10.4314/smj2.v11i4.12982

Cited by 4 publications

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“…When TB affects other organs other than the lungs, it is called Extra Pulmonary TB (EPTB). Pulmonary TB is commonly reported in studies with a prevalence ranging from 46.5% -92.0% [5] [6] [7] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Alex-Hart¹,

Paul²

2019

JTR

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Background: Despite the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable, treatable and curable, it has remained a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Identifying patterns of TB and its treatment outcome which is the aim of this study is relevant for TB control programmes. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-month period from April-June 2019 at the directly observed treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Alex-Hart¹,

Paul²

2019

JTR

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“…Similar studies in Northern Nigeria reported lower rates in Kano (52.5%) and Sokoto (53.5%). [12,13] This may be explained by higher prevalence of extrapulmonary TB in Kano study as well as other factors that may contribute to unsuccessful treatment outcomes such as malnutrition in Northern Nigeria. [12,14,15] One disturbing finding of this study was the high loss to follow-up rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with previous reports from Thailand and other sub-Sahara African studies as well as the lost to follow-up rate of 21% previously reported among the general population in Anambra State. [13,[16][17][18][19][20] Possible explanations for high rate of lost to follow-up in childhood TB treatment programs may include tendency of care givers to attribute sickness to other causes due to lack of bacteriologic confirmation of TB, dependence on third party for drug administration and follow-up visits as well as high risk of death (which may be counted as lost to follow-up if not reported). In Nigeria, unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes have been linked to misconceptions around the cause of TB, preference for alternative healthcare, fear of stigmatization, lack of transport fare to health facilities, poor attitude to work, and frequent strike actions by health workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] The mortality rate in this study is consistent with previous reports from some low-income countries in Asia and Africa. [9,13,[16][17][18][19]21] Higher rate of death was reported in Kano Nigeria which may be due to higher prevalence of extrapulmonary TB. Reducing mortality attributable to TB could be achieved by proactive search for TB cases through effective case contact management, early diagnosis, and timely treatment as well as intensified efforts to ensure adherence to and completion of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low rate of treatment failure was not unexpected and agrees with previous reports. [10,12,13] However, this should be interpreted with caution since the definition of treatment failure in DOTS program is usually based on sputum smear positivity. However, the diagnosis of childhood TB treatment failure could also be made if there is no resolution or worsening of symptoms as well as poor weight gain or continuing weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood tuberculosis in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital: Treatment outcomes and determinants

Onubogu

Ugochukwu

Anyabolu

et al. 2019

Libyan International Medical University Journal

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Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Understanding the barriers to successful childhood TB treatment is vital to curbing the scourge of childhood TB. This study examined the outcomes and factors that influence the outcomes of childhood TB treatment in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methods: A 10-year review of the medical records of under-15 year olds, who received anti-TB treatment at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Majority of the 501 childhood TB cases were new (89.6%) and pulmonary (73.3%) TB cases. TB-HIV coinfection occurred in 42.5% of cases. The rate of successful treatment was 62.9%. About 57.5% completed treatment, 5.4% were cured, 7.0% were transferred out, 21.4% were lost to follow-up, 0.4% had treatment failure while 8.4% died. Majority (61.6%) of deaths or loss to follow-up occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Factors significantly associated with treatment outcomes were ascertainment of HIV status (P = 0.049), disease site (P = 0.013), nutritional status (P = 0.039), Mantoux test result (P = 0.002), and period of treatment (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Findings indicate high rate of unsuccessful childhood TB treatment outcomes. Efforts should be intensified to ensure improved outcomes through proactive search for childhood TB cases, early diagnosis and treatment, as well as adherence to and completion of treatment. Special attention should be given to high-risk groups including those with unknown HIV status, extrapulmonary TB, and severe malnutrition. It is imperative to determine the HIV status of all childhood TB cases.

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Bacteriological Prevalence of Tuberculosis Among Children Seen in Health Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Joseph

Oguche

Daniel

et al. 2018

EAST

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Background: Tuberculosis, a disease of significant public health importance remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Under-reporting of new cases is a major setback in the correct estimate of the global burden of pediatric TB. Data on pediatric TB from TB-endemic countries being limited. It is recommended that continuous research be conducted to ascertain and better understand the magnitude of the problem and to provide reliable, timely and cost-efficient information for action. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological prevalence of tuberculosis and TB-HIV co-infection among children seen in health facilities in Nasarawa state, North-Central Nigeria. Subjects and Method: The study subjects consisted of one hundred and fifty (150) children aged 18 months to 15 years who were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Data, was obtained from their care-givers using interviewer administered questionnaires. The study subjects had their sputum or gastric aspirates samples collected for acid-fast bacilli microscopy and culture. Blood samples were taken for HIV screening. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 17.0. Results: The ages of the subjects averaged 9.12±4.66 years and majority of them were females with male to female ratio of 0.92:1. The prevalence of tuberculosis found among them by microscopy and culture are 16.7% and 30.0% respectively while the prevalence of definite TB case was 32% which is 5.5 times higher than the reported national average. The prevalence of 10.0% for TB-HIV co-infection was also found among the study subjects. Conclusion: There is a high burden of pediatric TB in Nasarawa State (higher than average national prevalence). This study can be extended to six Geopolitical regions of Nigeria, to find out the true situation nationwide.

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Pattern Of Childhood Tuberculosis In Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Childhood tuberculosis in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital: Treatment outcomes and determinants

Bacteriological Prevalence of Tuberculosis Among Children Seen in Health Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

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